摘要
将旅游者视作表演者是深入剖析跨民族文化旅游表演行为特征及影响机制的内在要求,也为深刻探究表演转向和文旅融合发展提供了独特视角。文章基于旅游表演理论,选取湘西德夯苗寨为案例地,通过对旅游者表演行为的类属分析和情景分析,探明旅游者在民族村寨剧场空间的表演过程及个体情感认知的作用机制。研究发现:民族村寨中旅游者依托地方化舞台设置,受文化权力约束,与剧场角色进行协商表演;旅游者表演行为分为反身性行为与非反身性行为,文化权力通过文化规制和机构管辖形成旅游者惯习,非反身性行为多呈现为即兴表演;感知距离是个体情感认知层面影响旅游表演行为的主要因素,涵盖了心理距离、认知距离和个体逃离与超越3个维度。研究试图构建跨民族文化的旅游者表演行为分析框架,拓展旅游表演理论的个体情感认知维度,为民族村寨管理和营销提供参考依据。
Considering tourists as performers is an intrinsic requirement for in-depth analysis of the behavioral characteristics and influence mechanisms of inter-ethnic cultural tourism performances,as well as a potential driving force for the construction of ethnic villages’localities,which provides a unique perspective for deep exploration of the“performance turn”and the integrated development of cultural tourism.Based on the theory of tourism performance,the article selects Dehang Miao village in Jishou city,Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,as a case study site,and through analogical and situational analyses of key features of tourists’performance behaviors,it explores the performance process of tourists in the theater space of ethnic villages and the role of individual affective cognition in the mechanism.The study found that:1)Ethnic villages,as special performance theaters full of symbolic cultural symbols,contain deeper meaning behind objective facts.They do not merely exist as cultural landscape backgrounds for tourism development,but are a process of continuous exhibition that is constantly being materialized and reconstructed,and are the result of the continuous generation and repetition of tourism performance behaviors.Tourists in ethnic villages rely on localized stage settings,constrained by cultural power,and perform in negotiation with theater characters,using techniques such as concealing and showing weakness.Tour guides play a key role as“sidemen”,managing conflicts and tensions in the open,complex theater of tourism,and providing tips or warnings to help the performance run smoothly.2)Tourists’performance behaviors are divided into reflexive and non-reflexive behaviors.Reflexive behaviors are governed by cultural power,consisting of social regulation and institutional jurisdiction that encourage tourists to reach a general consensus in a particular context,creating tourist habits.Reflexive behaviors include conscious impression management and unconscious self-exposure,reflecting tourists’general understanding of“appropriate and proper behavior”.Non-reflexive behaviors are mostly improvisational performances,and their way,type,and path of presentation are influenced by the social situations of tourists.The physical absence of tourists,due to various factors,may lead to the breakdown or cessation of performance behavior.3)Perceptual distance is the main factor affecting the emotional-cognitive level of tourists’performance behavior,covering three dimensions:psychological distance,cognitive distance,and individual alienation and transcendence.This reflects the philosophical ideas of Objectivism,Constructivism,and Existentialism,and corresponds to three types of performances:empathetic,ceremonial,and play-based performances.These three types of performances do not exist separately in complex tourism practices but are intertwined and interdependent.The concept of perceptual distance reflects,to some extent,the perception of distance between performance,actors,and audiences in the three theater systems,promoting cross-fertilization between theater and tourism disciplines.The concept of perceived distance reflects,to some extent,the perception of distance between actors and audiences in three drama systems,promoting cross-fertilization between theater studies and tourism disciplines.This study attempts to construct a cross-ethnic cultural analysis framework for tourists’performance behavior,explore the influencing factors of tourism performance behavior,expand the emotional-cognitive dimension of tourism performance theory,and provide a reference for the management and marketing of ethnic villages.
作者
王兆峰
黄曼丽
WANG Zhaofeng;HUANG Manli(Tourism College,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China;School of Geography,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China)
出处
《旅游学刊》
北大核心
2025年第3期58-70,共13页
Tourism Tribune
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“武陵山区传统村落文化景观保护性价值补偿标准的测度及机制”(41971188)资助。
关键词
旅游表演
表演行为
影响机制
德夯苗寨
tourism performance
performance behavior
influence mechanism
Dehang Miao village
作者简介
王兆峰(1965-),男,湖南张家界人,博士,教授,研究方向为旅游地理、传统村落文化,E-mail:jdwzf@126.com;通讯作者:黄曼丽(1999-),女,湖南岳阳人,博士研究生,研究方向为社会文化地理、传统村落文化,E-mail:1483957284@qq.com。
