唐宋转型之道统说考辨——兼论道统的连续性和断裂性

On the Inheritance of Taoism in the Transition of Tang and Song Dynasties:On the Continuity and Fracture of Daoism

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摘要韩愈首倡孟子后道统“不得其传”,其说法影响深远,涉及韩愈本身思想转变、唐宋转型和理学转向,以及战国至北宋千年儒学思想的断裂性。就韩愈思想发展来说,他由早期的孟子后道统“不绝其传”说转变为后期的孟子后道统“不得其传”说,由强调道统的连续性转变为强调断裂性。唐宋转型中儒学道统说的转变,除儒家内部在道统上争胜门户的原因外,更重要的在于对儒道的理解产生了重大差异。即整体上由重视典章制度的外王之学转变为重视“性与天道”的内圣之学,在经典文本上由重五经系统转变为重四书体系,在祭祀上唐代由周孔并祭转变为孔颜并祭,到宋代孟子开始和颜回一样配享孔庙,在人性论上由唐代的性三品说转变为宋代的天命之性、气质之性等更精微的讨论等。 Han Yu initiated the concept of Mencius’“post⁃Confucian orthodoxy”but argued that it“should not be passed on.”This idea had far⁃reaching influence,encompassing Han Yu’s own ideological transformation,the broader transition between the Tang and Song Dynasties,and the rupture in Confucian continuity from the Warring States Period to the Northern Song Dynasty.In terms of the development of Han Yu’s thought,he shifted from an early belief in the continuous transmission of Mencius’“post⁃Confucian orthodoxy”to a later stance that emphasized its discontinuity.This transformation marked a change from stressing the continuity of orthodoxy to highlighting its rupture.The evolution of Confucian orthodoxy during the transition between the Tang and Song Dynasties was influenced not only by the competition for dominance within Confucianism but also by significant differences in the understanding of Confucianism and Taoism.Broadly speaking,the focus shifted from the study of external kings,which emphasized systems of laws and regulations,to the study of internal saints,which prioritized concepts of“nature and heaven.”This transformation was reflected in several key areas.In terms of classic text,there was a shift from the system of Five Classics to the system of Four Books.In sacrificial ceremonies,the Tang Dynasty changed from the combination of Zhou and Kong to the combination of Confucius and Yan.In the Song Dynasty,Mencius began to share the Confucian temple like Yan Hui,and in the theory of human nature,it changed from the theory of three grades to the more subtle discussion of the nature of destiny and temperament.

作者路鹏飞 Lu Pengfei

机构地区湘潭大学马克思主义学院

出处《中国文化研究》北大核心 2025年第1期114-122,共9页 Chinese Culture Research

基金湘潭大学一般项目“《四书章句集注》道德修养理论及其价值”(2021BSQDF22)的阶段性研究成果。

关键词唐宋转型儒学道统连续性断裂性 Tang and Song transformation confucian orthodoxy continuity fracture

分类号 B2 [哲学宗教—中国哲学]

作者简介路鹏飞(1986-),男,河南林州人,哲学博士,湘潭大学马克思主义学院讲师、硕士生导师,主要研究方向为中国哲学、马克思主义理论。