摘要
芜湖市党组织领办合作社工作有不少创新,包括各级党委成立扶持壮大村级集体经济领导小组,县(市、区)成立专门支持乡村振兴的国有企业,创办乡镇级和县(市、区)级的合作社联社,举办强村公司等等,取得了农村集体增收、农民共同致富的显著成效。新中国成立以来的经验证明:土地所有制形式与生产经营形式之间并没有固定的联系方式,土地的公有制可以和大规模合作化结合,也可以和小规模合作化,甚至和个体化结合。改革开放后,土地的所有权、使用权、经营权相分离,土地的公有制与生产的个体化相结合,这都起到了解放和发展生产力的作用。但进入新世纪以来,随着农业生产力的提高,农民在承包地上的分散经营,已经不再能适应变化了的实际情况,越来越不利于农业扩大再生产的投入、新技术的推广使用、与市场经济对接。于是,国家又赋予农民承包地经营权的流转权。烟台、芜湖等地党组织领办合作社,正是在这一大背景下应运而生的。这一做法使农民把从村集体经济组织那里取得的承包地经营权,通过入股合作社的形式,再流转回集体经济组织之中,然后或由合作社直接经营,或由合作社转包给家庭农场、“种植能手”经营。无论哪种形式,其实质都是农民保留土地承包权基础上的再合作化,相较于农民将经营权流转给家庭农场、“种植能手”或自发组织的专业合作社,都更加有利于壮大新型农村集体经济、增强村集体经济实力、促进共同富裕、健全乡村治理体系、提升党在农村基层组织的凝聚力、巩固党在农村的执政根基,是完全符合《农村集体经济组织法》规定、充分体现党的二十届三中全会精神的,必将为越来越多的地方所效仿。
There have been many innovations in the work of cooperatives led by Party organizations in Wuhu City,including the establishment of leadership groups at all levels of party committees to support and strengthen village level collective economy,the establishment of state-owned enterprises in counties(cities,districts)specifically to support rural revitalization,the establishment of township level and county level cooperative associations,and the establishment of strong village companies,among other initiatives.These efforts have achieved remarkable results in increasing rural collective income and promoting common prosperity among farmers.The experience since the founding of the People's Republic of China has proven that there is no fixed connection between the form of land ownership and the form of production and operation.Public ownership of land can be combined with large-scale cooperation,smallscale cooperation,and even individualization.After the reform and opening up,the separation of land ownership,use rights,and management rights combined the public ownership of land with the individualization of production,thereby liberating and developing productive forces.But since the beginning of the new century,with the improvement of agricultural productivity,the scattered operation of farmers on contracted land can no longer adapt to the changing actual situation,which is increasingly unfavorable for the investment in expanding agricultural reproduction,promoting the use of new technologies,and connecting with the market economy.So,farmers were granted the right to transfer their contracted land management rights.The party organizations in Yantai,Wuhu and other places led the establishment of cooperatives,which emerged in this context.This practice allows farmers to transfer the contracted land management rights obtained from village collective economic organizations back to the collective economic organizations through equity participation in cooperatives,and then either directly operated by cooperatives or subcontracted to family farms or"planting experts"by cooperatives.Regardless of the form,its essence is the re-cooperation based on the retention of land contracting rights by farmers.Compared with farmers transferring their management rights to family farms,"planting experts"or spontaneously organized professional cooperatives,it is more conducive to strengthening the new rural collective economy,enhancing the strength of village collective economy,promoting common prosperity,improving the rural governance system,enhancing the cohesion of the Party's grassroots organizations in rural areas,and consolidating the Party's governing foundation in rural areas.It fully complies with the provisions of the Rural Collective Economic Organization Law and fully embodies the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.It will be imitated by more and more places.
作者
朱佳木
ZHU Jiamu(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;Society of PRC History,Beijing 100010,China)
关键词
党组织领办合作社
新型农村集体经济
乡村振兴
党建引领
共同富裕
cooperatives led by Party organizations
new rural collective economy
rural revitalization
Party leadership and guidance
common prosperity
作者简介
朱佳木,研究员,博士生导师,主要研究方向为中华人民共和国史。
