摘要
为分析洱海流域农牧系统的氮素流动特征,明确不同类型农牧系统氮素损失差异,依据农村主要产业发展类型,将洱海流域村庄划分为种植型、养殖型和农牧结合型3大类型,并进一步依据主要种植作物类型、畜禽养殖类型以及不同种养结合形式,划分16个亚类。最后运用村级尺度的食物链养分流动模型(Nutrient flows in food chain,environment and resources use,NUFER)定量洱海流域不同农牧系统氮素投入特征、养分利用效率及环境流失特征。结果表明:洱海流域单位产品氮素投入量以养殖型最高(5.65~8.92 t),农牧结合型最低(1.92~2.96 t)。其中养殖型以养殖羊亚类氮素投入最高,农牧结合型中以林果+羊亚类投入最低;氮素利用效率从高到低分别为种植型(30.0%~48.8%)、农牧结合型(19.0%~30.8%)、养殖型(5.5%~10.4%)。种植型、农牧结合型、养殖型对应的最高氮素利用效率亚类分别为玉米、林果+羊、家禽;单位产品氮素环境排放量以养殖型最高(5.22~9.03 t),农牧结合型最低(0.66~1.27 t)。其中养殖型以养殖羊亚类氮单位产品氮素环境排放量最高,而农牧结合型中立体种养模式均较低(0.66~0.86 t)。氨挥发是所有类型农村农牧系统主要环境排放形式。洱海西部和北部存在较多高污染排放村,环境风险大,且高污染村以畜禽养殖为主。洱海流域农牧体系氮素投入量较高且养分利用率处于较低水平,环境排放强度高,未来可结合高原湖泊流域特征,进一步推行立体种养模式,从而实现区域农牧系统与环境保护协同的高效发展。
To analyze the nitrogen flow characteristics of the crop-livestock systems in the Erhai Lake basin and clarify the differences nitrogen loss among different types of crop-livestock systems.Villages in the Erhai Lake basin were divided into three major types based on the main types of rural industrial development:crop type,livestock type,and mixed type.Furthermore,based on the main types of crop,livestock,and different forms of combination of crop and livestock,they are further divided into 16 subcategories.Finally,the nutrient flow in food chain,environment and resources use(NUFER)model at the village level was used to quantify the nitrogen input characteristics,nitrogen utilization efficiency,and environmental loss characteristics of different crop-livestock systems in the Erhai Lake basin.The results indicate that:the nitrogen input per unit product in the Erhai Lake basin is highest in the livestock type(5.65-8.92 t),and lowest in the mixed type(1.92-2.96 t).Among them,the nitrogen input of the goat subcategory is the highest in the livestock type,while the fruit+goat subcategory has the lowest input in the mixed type;The nitrogen use efficiency ranges from high to low in crop type(30.0%~48.8%),mixed type(19.0%-30.8%),and livestock type(5.5%-10.4%).The highest nitrogen use efficiency subcategories corresponding to crop type,mixed type,and livestock type are maize,fruit+goat,and poultry,respectively;The environmental losses of nitrogen per unit product are highest in the livestock type(5.22-9.03 t)and lowest in the mixed type(0.66-1.27 t).Among them,the livestock type has the highest nitrogen emission per unit product of the goat subcategory,while the fruit-livestock model during the mixed type has lower environmental losses(0.66-0.86 t).And ammonia volatilization is the main form of environmental losses in all types of villages.There are many high nitrogen loss villages located in the western and northern areas of Erhai Lake basin,which were livestock villages.The nitrogen input of the crop-livestock system in the Erhai Lake basin is relatively high,and the nitrogen use efficiency is at a low level.And the environmental losses is high.In the future,combined with the characteristics of the plateau lake basin,fruit-livestock model can be further promoted to achieve efficient development of the regional crop-livestock system and environmental protection coordination.
作者
李志刚
郑毅
梁启斌
王艳霞
侯磊
李晓琳
胡丹
王晶
LI Zhigang;ZHENG Yi;LIANG Qibin;WANG Yanxia;HOU Lei;LI Xiaolin;HU Dan;WANG Jing(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650500,China;Yunnan Open University,Kunming 650032,China;China Urban Construction Design and Research Institute,Kunming 650051,China)
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
北大核心
2025年第2期471-482,共12页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
云南省科技厅农业联合专项(202101BD070001-111)
云南省应用基础研究计划项目(202201AT070051)
西南林业大学科研启动基金项目(112115)
云南省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310677023)。
作者简介
李志刚(2000-),男,湖南耒阳人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为农牧系统养分管理,E-mail:896715876@qq.com;通信作者:李晓琳,E-mail:swfclxl@163.com。
