摘要
为探究流域环境对聚落形态的影响,以黄河明清故道苏北涟阜段沿线聚落为研究对象,运用历史文献分析、遥感影像解译、GIS空间分析等方法,分析了明清以来该区域聚落形态的时空演变特征及环境适应机制。受黄河水患与水利工程兴废影响,故道区域聚落形态呈现出多向线性、单向线性、团状围合等多样发展路径,其环境适应机制也经历了从被动应对到主动调控的转变,反映了自下而上的适应性改造与自上而下的环境治理间的复杂互动关系。揭示了黄河故道沿线聚落对流域环境变化的响应过程及适应策略,为寻求区域人居环境可持续发展提供新的视角。
Watersheds are complex socio-ecological systems formed through the interactions between humans,land,and water.The settlement evolution in watersheds often exhibits regional characteristics in adaptation to environmental challenges.The region along the Ming-Qing Old Course of the Yellow River has witnessed frequent occurrences of floods and droughts.The man-land relation evolution and environmental adaptation mode show regionally representative patterns.Existing studies have mainly analyzed the Ming-Qing Old Course of the Yellow River through the macroscopic background of the Grand Canal's transformations or the Yellow River alluvial plain;however,there is a lack of in-depth analysis of the settlement environment along the course.To investigate the spatio-temporal evolution of the settlement morphology along the course and its environmental adaptation mechanism,and to provide new perspectives and evidence for research on man-land relationships in the basin,this study focuses on the following core problems:how environmental changes in the old course basin influence evolution of settlement morphology along the source and how settlements adapt to these environmental changes.The study area is a section of the former Yellow River course in Jiangsu Province from Yangzhuang Village to Yunting Gate,with a 3-kilometer buffer zone extending along both the north and south banks.This area spans three administrative districts,namely,Funing County in Yancheng,Lianshui County in Huai'an,and Huai'an District.The study period ranged from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the present.The research methodology is as follows:1)historical document analysis,local chronicle review(e.g.,Funing County Annals),historical maps(e.g.,Complete Map of the Yellow River in Jiangnan Province),and survey maps(e.g.,The 1:50000 Topographic Map Series of China's Mainland)to extract information about the location,settlement names,early forms,and levee positions of the old course,establishing a foundational dataset reflecting the historical spatial distribution patterns of settlements;2)remote sensing image interpretation.The historical images from USGS and Google Earth platforms for 1968 and 2020 were extracted,followed by registration using the GIS platform.The settlement landscape pattern elements were extracted through visual interpretation and vectorization as base data for analyzing the morphological evolution of settlements;3)GIS spatial analysis.The residential building kernel density of representative settlements within the study area(from 1968 onwards)was calculated using the kernel density analysis tool to reveal the growth dynamics and distribution patterns of settlements. Based on the differences in the settlement origins and development drivers, settlements within the study areawere classified into four types: market towns, military defense settlements, water conservancy settlements, anddispersed villages. Different types of settlements exhibit varying evolutionary characteristics as a response tothe differing influences of environmental factors. The analysis of morphological indicators for sample settlementsacross different periods reveals that settlements along the old course primarily follow three development paths:unidirectional linear, multi-directional linear, and clustered enclosed. The old course, which is the dominanthydrological element in the region, drives the growth of settlements along the old course based on a "waterenvironmentadaptation model" along with its associated levees, ponds, woodlands, and canals. The environmentaladaptation mechanism of settlements has evolved from passive defense against floods and droughts to activeadaptation in residential construction, and subsequently to the human regulation of water and soil resources,forming a settlement landscape pattern of "village-levee" symbiosis, "village-pond" integration, and "villageforest-canal" interdependence. This shift in adaptation mechanisms not only reflects advances in productivity andenvironmental awareness, but also embodies the complex interactions between bottom-up adaptive modificationsand top-down environmental governance. The settlement development history in the old course of the Yellow River reflects the dynamic evolutionof human-environment relationships. As the dominant water body in the watershed, the old course hasconsistently been a key factor influencing the evolution of local settlement morphologies. Levees, ponds, canals,and shelterbelts derived from the old course are critical elements that determine the four types of settlementmorphology in the watershed. The environmental adaptation mechanism of settlements has also transitioned frompassive flood defense to active regulation of the water environment, gradually establishing a relatively stableregional disaster prevention and mitigation system. The settlement development experiences in this region provideimportant references to promote sustainable rural social development.
作者
李晓云
张雪楠
周凌
梁宇舒
LI Xiaoyun;ZHANG Xuenan;ZHOU Ling;LIANG Yushu
出处
《南方建筑》
北大核心
2025年第2期52-63,共12页
South Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52008199):内蒙古阿拉善高原乡土住宅形式及演进机制研究。
关键词
黄河明清故道
苏北地区
人地关系
聚落形态演变
环境适应机制
the Ming-Qing Old Course of the Yellow River
Northern Jiangsu
man-land relationship
settlement morphologial evolution
environmental adaptation mechanisms
作者简介
李晓云,博士研究生;张雪楠,博士研究生;通讯作者:周凌,教授,电子邮箱:zhouling@nju.edu.cn;梁宇舒,助理研究员。
