摘要
北魏贾思勰撰著的《齐民要术》是中国传统农学经典中的经典,也是研究中国古代史的重要史料。该书共十卷,除第十卷标题为“五谷、果蓏、菜茹非中国物产者”外,言下之意,前九卷所载之内容,当属北魏统治下的所谓“中国”之物产。因而,《齐民要术》也被认为是反映中国古代黄河流域农业的农学著作,即北方农书。但细检书中内容,却发现书中包含有许多非典型性北方因素,如,稻、鱼、竹、橘、莼、莲、芡、芰、菰、菘、姜、杬、越瓜、山石榴(杜鹃花)、水牛等。这些因素除了当时北方环境提供了某种可能的存在外,从地名、稻作技术和鱼类分布等方面都显示出某种南方因素的介入与存在。本文从物产和技术入手,揭示其中的南方农业因素,探讨其进入北方的途径,包括人员往来和文本传播,藉以展示前此相关研究未曾注意的一面,即中国南、北方农业文化交流与技术传播。
Qi Min Yao Shu,written by Jia Sixie of the Northern Wei Dynasty,is a classic among the traditional Chinese agriculture works and important historical material for studying ancient Chinese history.The book consists of ten volumes,with the tenth volume entitled Grains,Fruits,and Vegetables Not Native to the China,implying that the contents of the first nine volumes pertain to the products of the"Chinese"regions in the Northern Wei Dynasty.Therefore,Qi Min Yao Shu is also regarded as an agricultural work reflecting agriculture in the Yellow River basin of ancient China,specifically a northern agricultural book.However,upon a closer examination of its contents,it is found that the book contains many atypical northern factors,such as rice,fish,bamboo,orange,water shield,lotus,cordon euryale,water chestnut,wild rice,cabbage,ginger,Yuan,Yue melon,rhododendron,buffalo,and so on.Apart from the possibility that the northern environment provided for the existence at that time,these elements show the involvement and presence of southern factors in terms of place name,rice cultivation techniques,and fish distribution.Starting from products and technology,this study tries to reveal agricultural elements of the southern China it contained and explore ways that those elements had been developed in the north,including personnel exchange and textual transmission,in order to show the cultural exchange and technological dissemination between agriculture in southern and northern China that has been ignored by previous studies.
出处
《农业考古》
北大核心
2025年第1期74-81,共8页
Agricultural Archaeology
关键词
《齐民要术》
贾思勰
南方因素
物产
Qi Min Yao Shu
Jia Sixie
the elements of southern China
products
作者简介
曾雄生,男,中国科学院自然科学史研究所研究员、博士生导师,中国农业博物馆兼职研究员,研究方向为中国农史、水稻栽培史、农业文化研究。
