摘要
云室是开展云降水物理和人工影响天气实验研究的重要装置,在基础科学原理和播云技术研究中发挥着不可替代的作用。我国开展云降水物理云室实验已经超过60年,取得了一些重要成果和经验,并得到国内外同行的普遍认可。本文在总结对比美国、欧洲等国家的云室及其开展云物理研究的基础上,系统梳理了我国开展室内实验以来,在研发、利用云室开展大气冰核、人工冰核研究、特别是人工影响天气催化剂成核率检测、催化剂及催化技术研发和云降水物理机制研究与应用等方面取得的进展,讨论了专门性和综合性云室研发建设、云气溶胶降水相互作用等云微物理机制和过程、跨学科与交叉学科研究及监测仪器设备等方面存在的问题和发展方向,可为我国建设高性能云室和利用云室开展实验研究、促进云降水物理和人工影响天气科学发展提供重要参考。
For more than a century,the cloud chamber,which transitions from the early nuclear radiation and particle track detector,becomes an important device to conduct cloud-precipitation physics and weather modification lab experiments.By simulating and studying the formation and evolution process of clouds,accompanied by the interaction between clouds,aerosols,and precipitation under controlled laboratory conditions,the cloud chamber plays an irreplaceable role in the research field of basic scientific theoretical principles and cloud seeding catalytic technologies.China has been carrying out cloud-precipitation physics and weather modification lab experiments for over 60 years and has achieved many important results and gained valuable experience,including the development of a series of isothermal or mixing cloud chambers and detecting cloud-seeding catalysts,which are widely recognised by peers both domestically and internationally.All the efforts of this review aim to provide a useful reference for conducting cloud chamber experiments at a deeper and higher level,and in a wider field in China by discussing the importance of research and development and construction of related experimental facilities.The review explores the history and application of cloud chambers in China since the late 1950s and early 1960s.By comparing cloud-precipitation physics research based on cloud chamber lab experiments in several advanced countries,including the United States,Europe,and other countries,it comprehensively and systematically summarises for the first time the progress made in cloud chamber experiments on the observation of atmospheric ice nuclei,artificial ice nuclei research,especially the detection of the nucleation rate of cloud-seeding catalysts,research and development of seeding materials and tools,as well as the physical mechanisms and processes in China.But at present,the gap between China’s indoor experiments on cloud-precipitation physics and those in related fields abroad is obvious,and we are in a relatively backward situation in terms of the scope and profundity of experiments carried out,the research,development and construction of specialised and comprehensive cloud chambers,the cloud microphysical mechanisms and processes involved in cloud-aerosol-precipitation interactions and other cloud microphysical mechanisms,interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary research,and the application,research and development of experimental apparatus.The experimental background environment purification and the automatic operating controls are also in relatively poor states.China faces critical opportunities and challenges.It points out the necessity and urgency of promoting cloud physics experiments with cloud chambers within our country and highlights the urgent need to pay much attention to improving the development of cloud-precipitation physics experimental equipment and techniques.
作者
邓育鹏
苏正军
彭敏
周学思
崔毅
赵利伟
李林
DENG Yupeng;SU Zhengjun;PENG Min;ZHOU Xuesi;CUI Yi;ZHAO Liwei;LI Lin(Hebei Provence Weather Modification Center,Shijiazhuang 051430;CMA Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification Key Laboratory,Beijing 100081)
出处
《气象科技》
2025年第1期80-95,共16页
Meteorological Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划“人工影响天气基础理论、数值模式技术研究”重点专项(2018YFC1507904)
中国气象局人工影响天气中心“人工影响天气催化技术”创新团队共同资助。
关键词
云室
室内实验
云降水物理
人工影响天气
研究进展
cloud chamber
lab experiment
cloud-precipitation physics
weather modification
作者简介
邓育鹏,男,1971年出生,本科,高级工程师,主要从事云降水物理与人工影响天气研究,Email:hbdengyp@sina.com;通信作者:苏正军,Email:suzj@cma.gov.cn。
