摘要
苏轼省试时的“《春秋》对义”,不是省试科目之一的墨义试,亦不是“说书举”,而是始于宋仁宗景祐年间的“经术取士”别奏名科目试。此科以考试“大义”为主,是一种在提倡“经义”考试的背景下,对参加进士科和诸科考试举子的补充性科目。“说书举”开始于天圣四年,以国子监考试经书讲说为主,与“经义取士”科目不同,只是在报考资格方面,与“经义取士”科比较相似,致使后人将两科相混淆。苏轼省试时“《春秋》对义居第一”,既然是省试之外的一种别奏名科目成绩,其省试总名次第二的解释当有说服力。《苏轼进士科名次甲第考释——兼说宋朝进士甲乙丙科问题》一文的部分认识,应当修正。
The departmental examination on expositing the meaning of Spring and Autumn(Chunqiu Duiyi, 《春秋》对义) that Su Shi took was neither the subject of exposition on the meaning of the Classics, nor that of interpreting the Classics(Shuoshu Ju, 说书举).It was a separate subject of recruiting the official-scholar based on his learning of the Classics during the period of Jingyou.This subject was a supplemental subject for the examinees taking the subject of Jinshi or the various subjects under the background of advocating the test of the Classics' meanings.The subject of interpreting the Classics started in the fourth year of the Tiansheng period.It focused on the interpretation of the Classics at the Directorate of Education.It was different from the subject of recruiting the official-scholar based on his learning of the Classics.However, as far as the eligibility of the examinees was concerned, these two subjects were similar, which has confused later historians.Su Shi got the first place in the examination on expositing the meaning of Spring and Autumn,which was different from the departmental examination subjects.Therefore, the argument that he got the second place in the departmental examination is plausible.Some of the arguments in the article, “A Textual Research on the Place of Su Shi in the Imperial Examination for the Selection of Jinshi and the Issue Related to the Three Subjects of Jinshi Examination in the Song Dynasty”,should be corrected.
出处
《史学月刊》
北大核心
2025年第2期98-109,共12页
Journal of Historical Science
关键词
苏轼
进士科
《春秋》对义
说书举
经术取士科
Su Shi
Subject of Jinshi
Expositing the Meaning of Spring and Autumn
Subject of Interpreting the Classics
Subject of Recruiting the Official-scholar Based on His Learning of the Classics
作者简介
曹家齐,历史学博士,中山大学历史学系教授。广东,广州,510275。
