摘要
近年来,推动中国钢铁行业高质量发展和助力实现“双碳”目标是中国钢铁产业发展的总体思路,在此背景下,中国钢铁工业特征发生了显著变化。描述了当前钢铁工业的主要特征,分析了2000—2023年间中国钢铁粗钢产量和年度粗钢增长率,结合发达国家粗钢产量的演变模式,预测中国钢铁产量所处的发展阶段。以2000—2023年间中国不同钢铁制造流程所占比例为依据,测算各年钢铁制造全流程CO_(2)排放值,论述中国实现“双碳”目标的紧迫性和必要性。选取主要产钢国钢铁制造流程演化进程及现状为研究对象,重点阐述了美国、日本和中国以确保钢铁产品质量最佳和钢铁制造效率最优为需求的钢铁制造流程特点,理清当前不同钢铁制造流程的作用和效果。结合上述分析,以工程哲学的视野和全局性战略思维对中国钢铁制造流程结构调整的应对策略进行研究,并且提出了适应新特征下的“BF-BOF”长流程、“全废钢-电炉(EAF)”短流程和“100%氢基还原DRI-EAF”流程的结构调整方案。研讨了钢铁制造流程调整过程中的三大关键问题,包括实现电炉炼钢需要的废钢基准保障数量、能源脱碳化进程中的钢铁全流程电力消耗量以及消除废钢电炉冶炼过程残余元素富集所造成的钢材品质缺陷的新思路,解决好这些关键问题将有助于中国钢铁制造流程的结构优化调整和高质量发展。
In recent years,promoting the high-quality development of China's iron and steel industry and working to achieve the"dual-carbon"goal are the overall guiding principle of the development of China's iron and steel industry.Under this background,the characteristics of China's iron and steel industry have changed significantly.The characteristics of the iron and steel industry are described in detail,including the analyses of crude steel outputs and annual growth rates of China from 2000 to 2023.Combined with the evolution modes of crude steel output in developed countries,the phase of China's steel output is predicted.Based on the proportion of different iron and steel manufacturing processes in China from 2000 to 2023,the CO_(2) emission values per year of the whole iron and steel manufacturing process is calculated,which plays the role in judging the urgency and necessity of achieving the"dual carbon"goal in China.The current situations of the iron and steel manufacturing process in major steel producing countries are used as the research object for explaining the features of ensuring the best quality of steel products and reaching the best steel manufacturing efficiency.This also can clarified the current roles and effects of various iron and steel manufacturing processes.Combined with the above analysis,the corresponding strategy of the structural adjustment of iron and steel manufacturing process in China is studied with the perspective of engineering philosophy and overall strategic thoughts.Meanwhile,the structural adjustment scheme of"BF-BOF"traditional process,"Short process of"total scrap-EAF"and"100%hydrogen base reduction DRI-EAF"process are proposed to adapt the new iron and steel characteristics.Three critical issues in the process of iron and steel manufacturing process are discussed,including the scrap quantity for EAF steelmaking,the mathematical prediction of powder consumption during the process decarbonization and innovate ways for eliminating steel quality defects due to scrap smelting process residual elements enrichment in EAF steelmaking process.Once these issues are solved successively,it will benefit the iron and steel manufacturing process structural optimization and high quality development in China.
作者
刘清梅
张福明
LIU Qingmei;ZHANG Fuming(Research Institute of Technology,Shougang Group,Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100043,China;Shougang Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100041,China)
出处
《钢铁》
北大核心
2025年第1期15-28,共14页
Iron and Steel
关键词
钢铁工业
减量化发展
“双碳”目标
钢铁制造流程
结构调整优化
高质量发展
废钢
电炉
iron and steel industry
development with reduced quantity
"dual-carbon"goal
iron and steel manufacturing process
structural adjustment and optimization
high-quality development
scrap
EAF
作者简介
刘清梅(1979-),女,博士,正高级工程师,E-mail:liuqingmei2009@163.com。
