摘要
于2011—2022年在甘肃省张掖市开展长期定位试验,设置无肥对照(CK)、常规施化肥(NP)、70%常规施化肥+牛粪(NF)、70%常规施化肥+沼渣(ZZ)、70%常规施化肥+污泥(WN)、70%常规施化肥+鸡粪(JF)、70%常规施化肥+菌渣(JZ)和70%常规施化肥+猪粪(ZF)共8个处理,探讨6种不同有机物料代替30%化肥对作物产量及土壤磷组分的影响,为化肥与有机物料配施提高磷素利用效率提供科学依据。结果表明:WN、JF和ZF处理小麦籽粒产量较NP处理增加7.0%~9.4%;NF、ZZ、WN、JF、ZF处理玉米籽粒产量较NP处理增加4.4%~6.5%。添加有机物料显著影响土壤全磷、有效磷、无机磷组分含量及有效磷、无机磷组分占全磷比例:除沼渣外,其余5种有机物料处理全磷较NP处理增加8.6%~96.5%;6种有机物料处理有效磷含量及其占全磷比例较NP处理增加107.6%~480.1%、78.9%~226.3%,其中ZF和JF增幅最高;ZF处理Ca_(2)-P含量最高,较NP处理增加1 144.9%,各有机物料处理Ca_(2)-P占全磷比例较NP处理增加60%~568%。ZF和JF处理土壤Ca_(8)-P含量较NP处理增幅最大,分别增加207.6%和199.1%。JF、JZ和ZF处理Ca_(8)-P占全磷比例较NP处理增加29.7%~60.9%;NF、WN、JF和ZF处理Al-P占全磷比例较NP处理增加30.8%~123.1%;WN处理Fe-P占全磷比例较NP处理增加83.6%。综上,有机物料与化肥配施能够达到减施化肥、作物增产的目的,同时能够增加土壤全磷、有效磷、Ca_(2)-P、Ca_(8)-P、Al-P和Fe-P含量。
A long-term positioning experiment was carried out in Zhangye City,Gansu Province from 2011 to 2022.A total of 8 treatments were set up:no fertilizer control(CK),conventional fertilizer application(NP),70% conventional fertilizer application + cow manure(NF),70% conventional fertilizer application + biogas residue(ZZ),70% conventional fertilizer application + sludge(WN),70% conventional fertilizer application + chicken manure(JF),70% conventional fertilizer application + bacterial residue(JZ) and 70% conventional fertilizer application + pig manure(ZF).The effects of six types of organic materials,used as substitutes for 30% of the fertilizer,on crop yield and soil phosphorus composition were investigated.This study aims to provide a scientific basis for improving phosphorus utilization efficiency through the combined application of fertilizers and organic materials.The results showed that the grain yield of WN,JF and ZF treatment increased by 7.0%~9.4% compared with that of the NP treatment.The yield of corn treated with NF,ZZ,WN,JF,and ZF increased by 4.4% to 6.5% compared to that treated with NP.The addition of organic materials significantly affected total phosphorus,available phosphorus,inorganic phosphorus components and the proportion of available phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus components in total phosphorus.Except biogas residue,the total phosphorus of the other 5 organic materials was increased by 8.6%~96.5% compared with that of the NP treatment.Compared with the NP treatment,the content of available phosphorus and its proportion in total phosphorus increased by 107.6%~480.1% and 78.9%~226.3%,respectively,among which ZF and JF had the highest increase.The ZF treatment exhibited the highest Ca_(2)-P,showing an increase of 1 144.9% compared to the NP treatment.Additionally,the proportion of Ca_(2)-P in the organic material treatments increased by 60% to 568% relative to the NP treatment.Compared with the NP treatment,the content of Ca_(8)-P in soil treated with ZF and JF increased by 207.6% and 199.1%,respectively.The proportion of Ca_(8)-P in JF,JZ and ZF treatment increased by 29.7%~60.9% compared with the NP treatment.The proportion of Al-P in the NF,WN,JF and ZF treatments increased by 30.8%~123.1% compared with the NP treatment.The proportion of Fe-P in the WN treatment increased by 83.6% compared with the NP treatment.In summary,the combined application of organic materials and fertilizer achieved the purpose of reducing fertilizer application and increasing crop yield,and increased the contents of total phosphorus,available phosphorus,Ca_(2)-P,Ca_(8)-P,Al-P and Fe-P in soil.
作者
冶赓康
俄胜哲
袁金华
赵天鑫
路港滨
张鹏
刘雅娜
YE Gengkang;E Shengzhe;YUAN Jinhua;ZHAO Tianxin;LU Gangbin;ZHANG Peng;LIU Yana(College of Resources and Environment,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Save Water Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China)
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
北大核心
2025年第1期91-102,共12页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
甘肃省农业科学院科研条件建设及成果转化项目(2022GAAS39)。
关键词
有机物料
磷组分
小麦-玉米轮作
长期定位试验
灌漠土
organic materials
phosphorus component
wheat-maize rotation
long term positioning test
irrigated desert soil
作者简介
冶赓康(1998-),男,青海民和人,硕士,研究方向为农业资源利用。E-mail:417696153@qq.com;通信作者:俄胜哲(1978-)男,甘肃庆阳人,副研究员,主要从事植物营养与土壤生态研究。E-mail:eshengzhe@163.com。
