摘要
为制备高效电磁屏蔽织物,采用静电纺丝技术制备了聚丙烯腈基纳米纤维膜,经预氧化和炭化处理得到导电性优异的聚丙烯腈基碳纳米纤维(PAN-CNF),并采用电泳沉积方法将其与过渡金属碳/氮化物(MXene)结合,制备了具有电磁屏蔽效能的功能性导电复合膜(PAN-CNF-M)。借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪等对复合膜的结构进行表征,利用四探针电阻仪和矢量网络分析仪表征材料的导电性能和电磁屏蔽性能。结果表明:用静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维经预氧化和炭化处理后具有高度取向的特征,纤维直径分布均匀,具备一定的导电性(2406 S/m);适当的电沉积处理(5 V、10 min)可有效提高薄膜的导电性和电磁屏蔽效能,相比于碳纳米纤维膜,PAN-CNF-M复合膜的电导率提升了83%,电磁屏蔽效能提高了112%,屏蔽效率高达99.75%。
Objective The widespread applications of electronic devices result in serious electromagnetic radiation pollution problems,and the development of efficient electromagnetic shielding materials is imminent.Carbon nanofiber(CNF)membranes prepared by electrospinning,as a type of carbon-based materials with light weight,large aspect ratio and corrosion resistance,have attracted extensive research attention.The MXene modified CNF membrane can improve the conductivity of the membrane material and enhance the electromagnetic shielding efficiency.However,the conventional in-situ spinning,and dipping methods exhibited low efficiency and uneven effect.Therefore,achieving efficient uniform modification remains a challenge for CNF-based electromagnetic shielding materials.This research proposes an electrophoretic deposition(EPD)method using CNF membrane as anode to complete MXene uniform load within a very short time.Method A thin layer negatively charged MXene was obtained by etching MAX with in-situ synthesis of hydrofluoric acid.A highly oriented polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-based nanofiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning technology.The cyclic dehydrogenation reaction of the polymer was completed by peroxidation treatment at 250℃,and the cross-linking and densification reactions were carried at 900℃and 1400℃.CNF with certain conductivity was obtained.Results In-situ synthesized hydrofluoric acid etching and stripping were employed to obtain layers of MXene with a clean and smooth surface.Zeta potential characterization demonstrated the negative charge on the lamella surface,providing a theoretical basis for the anodic electrodeposition method.The PAN-based nanofiber membrane was spun by electrospinning technology.After pre-oxidation and carbonization treatment,CNF membrane with high orientation was obtained.The CNF had amorphous graphite structure,which was the source of the conductivity of the membrane.The efficient combination of MXene and CNF was achieved by the EPD method.The CNF was fixed to the anode,and the negatively charged MXene was drawn to the surface of the CNF under the action of an electric current.With the increase of deposition voltage and time,the uniformity of lamellar coverage was improved.When the deposition voltage was 5 V and the deposition time was 10 min,the composite membrane showed the best morphology.The surface of the fiber was covered with a continuous layer of MXene,with the adjacent layers touching each other.The pores between the nanofibers in the membrane were filled with MXene,and the independent fiber membranes were connected through the MXene layer.With the increase of deposition voltage and time,the amount of MXene deposition was increased.However,high voltage(10 V)led to TiO 2 on the surface of the composite membrane,and MXene oxidation degradation occurred.The surface deposition of MXene significantly improved the conductivity of the membrane material.Compared with the conductivity of the original PAN-CNF membrane that is 2406 S/m,when the treatment conditions were 5 V and 10 min,the conductivity of the Mxene/CNF composite membrane reached 4424 S/m,representing an increase by 83%.In terms of the electromagnetic shielding performance,the electromagnetic shielding performance of nanofiber membrane treated by electrodeposition MXene was improved compared with PAN-CNF membrane.It was found that electromagnetic shielding performance was positively correlated with the electrical conductivity,up to 25.96 dB and representing an increase by 112%.The shielding efficiency of the composite membrane in electromagnetic wave band of 8-12 GHz was 99.75%,indicating that only 0.25%electromagnetic wave could pass through the composite membrane,achieving a good shielding effect.Conclusion MXene and CNF were uniformly recombined efficiently by electrodeposition.The introduction of conductive MXene significantly improved the electromagnetic shielding performance of carbon-based nanofiber membranes.The excellent electromagnetic shielding performance of MXene/CNF composite membranes could be attributed to its abundant internal conductive paths,which led to polarization relaxation and numerous heterogeneous interfaces,which prolonged electromagnetic wave attenuation paths and enhanced multiple reflection and scattering.The high-efficiency electromagnetic shielding composite membrane is expected to be applied in the field of electromagnetic protection of wearable devices.
作者
朱雪
钱鑫
郝梦圆
张永刚
ZHU Xue;QIAN Xin;HAO Mengyuan;ZHANG Yonggang(Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315201,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101400,China)
出处
《纺织学报》
北大核心
2025年第1期1-8,共8页
Journal of Textile Research
基金
浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发计划(2021C01004)
中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2023M733598)。
关键词
过渡金属碳/氮化物
碳纳米纤维膜
静电纺丝
电泳沉积
电磁屏蔽
MXene
carbon nanofiber membrane
electrospinning
electrophoretic deposition
electromagnetic shielding
作者简介
第一作者:朱雪(1999-),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为碳纳米材料;通信作者:钱鑫(1984-),男,高级工程师,博士。主要研究方向为高性能碳材料制备技术。E-mail:qx3023@nimte.ac.cn。
