摘要
【目的】明确我国主要麦区新育成高产小麦品种(系)籽粒、面粉和麸皮的锌含量,探究产量、产量构成、锌吸收分配及土壤因素对小麦籽粒中锌含量的影响,为我国小麦新品种(系)的锌营养强化提供依据。【方法】在2021—2022、2022—2023年两个小麦生长季,依托国家小麦产业技术体系在我国4个主要麦区17个省(市)布置的104个新育成小麦品种(系)田间多点试验,测定了成熟期小麦籽粒、面粉和麸皮锌含量、产量及其构成、锌吸收分配特征和土壤理化性质,统计了氮、磷、钾肥施用量,并以此探析我国新育小麦品种(系)籽粒不同组分锌含量、吸收分配特征及其环境影响因素。【结果】我国小麦新品种(系)籽粒锌含量介于14.3~54.7 mg/kg,平均27.6 mg/kg;面粉锌含量介于1.4~30.2 mg/kg,平均9.0 mg/kg;麸皮锌含量介于23.2~107.6 mg/kg,平均55.9 mg/kg。籽粒锌含量每提高1.0 mg/kg,面粉锌含量提高0.2~0.3 mg/kg,麸皮锌含量提高1.9~2.3 mg/kg。长江中下游麦区和西南麦区的小麦品种(系)籽粒及其各组分中锌含量高于黄淮南北片麦区。小麦品种(系)籽粒锌含量与产量、生物量和穗数呈负相关,与籽粒锌吸收量和收获指数呈正相关,与茎叶、颖壳和麸皮锌吸收量呈负相关。籽粒中锌含量与钙和硫含量呈负相关,与铁和铜含量呈正相关。小麦新品种(系)籽粒及其各组分中锌含量因地点而异,土壤pH、土壤有效锌和铁是影响小麦籽粒锌含量的主要因素。籽粒锌含量与土壤pH呈负相关,与土壤有效锌和铁呈正相关;回归分析结果表明,在pH低于6.3、有效锌高于1.7 mg/kg的土壤上,籽粒锌含量可达到强化水平40.0 mg/kg。【结论】我国新育成小麦品种(系)的籽粒、面粉及麸皮中,锌的平均含量分别为27.6、9.0和55.9 mg/kg。影响籽粒各组分锌营养的主要因素在作物方面包括产量、穗数以及茎叶、颖壳和麸皮中的锌积累量;在土壤方面则涉及土壤的pH值、有效铁含量和锌含量。在选育高产且优质的小麦品种时,应着重培育根系锌吸收能力强、穗粒数多且千粒重较大的品种,并通过合理施肥进一步强化面粉的锌营养。
【Objectives】The study aims to elucidate the zinc(Zn)concentration in grains,flour,and bran of newly developed wheat cultivars(lines)in the major wheat-growing regions in China,and investigate the influence of yield composition,nutrient absorption,and soil factors on Zn concentration in grain.It is of significant importance in providing supports for Zn biofortification of wheat in China.【Methods】Based on multi-point trials of 104 newly developed wheat cultivars(lines)conducted in 17 provinces(municipalities)in the major wheat production regions of China during the two wheat growing seasons of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023,the study determined Zn concentration in wheat grain and its flour and bran,wheat yield and yield components,Zn absorption and distribution in grain,as well as soil physicochemical properties and fertilizer application rates,Zn concentration in different parts of the grain of newly developed wheat cultivars(lines)in China,as well as the absorption and distribution of Zn and environmental influencing factors.【Results】The Zn concentration in grains of newly developed wheat cultivars(lines)ranged from 14.3 to 54.7 mg/kg,with an average of 27.6 mg/kg in the major wheat regions of China.The Zn concentration in flour ranged from 1.4 to 30.2 mg/kg,with an average of 9.0 mg/kg,while the Zn concentration in bran ranged from 23.2 to 107.6 mg/kg,with an average of 55.9 mg/kg.Wheat cultivars(lines)in the southern wheat regions exhibited higher Zn concentrations in grains and their various parts compared to those in the northern regions.The Zn concentration in wheat grain showed a negative correlation with the grain yield,biomass,and spike number per area.For Zn uptake and distribution in plant parts,the grain Zn concentration was positively correlated with Zn absorption and distribution in the grain,but negatively correlated with Zn absorption in the straw,glume and bran.Furthermore,the Zn concentration in grain showed a negative correlation with calcium and sulfur concentrations,and a positive correlation with iron and copper concentrations in grain.The grain Zn concentrations of the newly developed wheat cultivars(lines)varied among locations,with soil pH,available Zn and available Fe being the primary factors influencing Zn concentration in wheat grain.A negative correlation was found between the grain Zn concentration and soil pH,while a positive correlation was found with the available Zn and Fe in soils.Regression analysis suggested that when the soil pH be lower than 6.3 and soil available Zn higher than 1.7 mg/kg,the grain Zn concentration could be higher than 40.0 mg/kg.【Conclusions】The average Zn concentrations of newly developed cultivars(lines)in China were 27.6,9.0 and 55.9 mg/kg for grain,flour and bran,respectively.The main crop factors regulating Zn nutrition include yield,number of spikes and Zn accumulation in straw,glumes and bran,and main soil factors are pH,available Fe and Zn.In the selection and breeding of high-yield and high-quality wheat cultivars,attention should be paid to cultivating cultivars with strong root absorption of Zn,high number of spikes and large thousand-grain weight,while also promoting Zn nutrition in flour fortified through fertilization.
作者
罗一诺
李文虎
李艳霏
张思琦
牟文燕
黄宁
孙蕊卿
丁玉兰
佘文婷
李小涵
石美
王朝辉
LUO Yi-nuo;LI Wen-hu;LI Yan-fei;ZHANG Si-qi;MU Wen-yan;HUANG Ning;SUN Rui-qing;DING Yu-lan;SHE Wen-ting;LI Xiao-han;SHI Mei;WANG Zhao-hui(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
北大核心
2025年第1期32-47,共16页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200401)
国家现代农业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)。
关键词
小麦
品种
籽粒
面粉
锌
wheat
cultivar
grain
flour
zinc
作者简介
罗一诺,E-mail:583130008@qq.com;通信作者:王朝辉,E-mail:w-zhaohui@263.net。
