摘要
相比于传统镍基高温合金,轻质高熵高温合金可同时具有高强度、低密度等特点,受到了广泛关注。综述了轻质高熵高温合金的研究进展,并依据相结构将其划分为4类:单相固溶强化合金、金属间化合物相强化合金、共晶组织强化合金和非金属元素强化合金。单相固溶强化合金通过元素调控实现性能优化,例如Al-Nb-V-Ti-Zr体系中Al元素的添加可显著提升其强度和硬度。金属间化合物相强化合金通过第二相的加入提升性能,但需注意某些金属间化合物可能导致脆化。共晶组织强化合金展现出良好的高温性能,但其室温塑性仍需改进。非金属元素强化合金通过多种机制进行强化,但元素添加量的精确控制至关重要。尽管在轻质高熵高温合金的成分设计和微观结构优化方面已取得一定成果,但仍面临成本高和工艺复杂等挑战。未来研究应聚焦于优化成分结构、深化理论研究、降低制备成本以及拓展应用与跨领域合作等方面,以促进轻质高熵高温合金的发展与广泛应用。
Compared with traditional nickel-based superalloys,lightweight high-entropy high-temperature alloys can possess remarkable characteristics,such as high strength and low density,and have captured extensive attention.This paper reviews recent advancements in this field and categorizes these alloys into four types based on phase structures:single-phase solid solution strengthening alloys,intermetallic compound phase strengthening alloys,eutectic structure strengthening alloys,and nonmetallic element strengthening alloys.Single-phase solid solution strengthening alloys improve performance through elemental regulation,for instance,the addition of Al element in the Al-Nb-V-Ti-Zr system can significantly enhance its strength and hardness.Intermetallic compound phase strengthening alloys improve performance by incorporating a second phase,although certain intermetallic compounds may introduce brittleness.Eutectic structure strengthening alloys demonstrate excellent hightemperature performance but require further improvement in room temperature ductility.Non-metallic element strengthening alloys benefit from various strengthening mechanisms,and precise control of the addition amount is critical.While significant progress has been made in composition design and microstructure optimization of lightweight high-entropy high-temperature alloys,they still face challenges such as high cost and complex manufacturing processes.In the future,we should focus on optimizing composition and structure,deepening theoretical understanding,reducing manufacturing cost,and expanding applications through interdisciplinary collaboration to promote the development and widespread adoption of lightweight highentropy high-temperature alloys.
作者
沈鸿葵
林峰
韩明亮
张英杰
吴渊
张晓宾
王辉
刘雄军
蒋虽合
吕昭平
SHEN Hongkui;LIN Feng;HAN Mingliang;ZHANG Yingjie;WU Yuan;ZHANG Xiaobin;WANG Hui;LIU Xiongjun;JIANG Suihe;LU Zhaoping(State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《中国材料进展》
北大核心
2025年第1期40-48,123,共10页
Materials China
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52225103,51921001)。
关键词
轻质高熵合金
高温合金
高温性能
成分设计
相结构
强化机制
lightweight high-entropy alloys
superalloys
high-temperature performance
composition design
phase structure
strengthening mechanism
作者简介
第一作者:沈鸿葵,男,2000年生,硕士研究生;通讯作者:吴渊,男,1980年生,北京科技大学教授、博士生导师,国家自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金获得者。主要从事非晶合金、高熵合金等先进金属材料的设计、纳米析出与相变韧塑化及其原子级精细结构表征等相关研究。在Nature,Advanced Materials等学术期刊上发表论文200余篇,SCI他引9000余次,获授权专利30余项。担任Journal Materials Science and Technology,Materials Research Letters,International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials,《中国材料进展》等期刊编委。Email:wuyuan@ustb.edu.cn。
