摘要
干旱区水库水面蒸发是水量损失的重要组成部分,在水资源评价、水文模型建立、水利水电工程设计规划等方面具有重要意义。为了分析新疆干旱区水库水面蒸发量及变化特征,采用新疆准东经济技术开发区五彩湾水库观测点2014-2023年20 cm蒸发皿观测资料,以及奇台县气象观测站1987-2023年20 cm蒸发皿和E601型蒸发器逐日观测资料,运用相关分析、趋势分析等方法,测算五彩湾水库水面蒸发折算系数,分析水面蒸发量变化特征和规律。结果表明:五彩湾水库多年平均非冰期水面蒸发折算系数K=0.54;水库夏季炎热、降水稀少、蒸发旺盛,水面蒸发量较全国平均水平偏高,多年平均水面蒸发量为1546.66 mm;2014-2023年水库水面蒸发量呈现增加趋势,年际变差系数为0.02,水面蒸发年际变化较小。夏季蒸发量是冬季蒸发量的18倍,蒸发量集中程度较高;水库多年平均水面蒸发量为397.76万m^(3),单位面积蒸发量为155.23万m^(3)/km^(2)。
Reservoir water surface evaporation in arid area is an important part of water loss,which is of great significance in water resources evaluation,hydrological model establishment,water conservancy and hydropower project design and planning.Based on the observation data of 20 cm evaporation pan at Wucaiwan Reservoir in Zhundong Economic and Technological Development Zone of Xinjiang from 2014 to 2023,and the daily observation data of 20 cm evaporation pan and E601 evaporator at Qitai Meteorological Observation Station from 1987 to 2023,the conversion coefficient of water surface evaporation of Wucaiwan Reservoir is calculated by correlation analysis and trend analysis,and the characteristics and laws of water surface evaporation are analyzed.The results show that:The conversion coefficient of annual average non-glacial water surface evaporation in Wucaiwan Reservoir is K=0.54;The Wucaiwan Reservoir is hot in summer,with scarce precipitation and strong evaporation.The water surface evaporation is higher than the national average,and the average annual water surface evaporation is 1546.66 mm;From 2014 to 2023,the water surface evaporation of Wucaiwan Reservoir shows an increasing trend,the interannual variation coefficient is 0.02,and the interannual variation of water surface evaporation is small.The evaporation in summer is 18 times higher that in winter,and the concentration of evaporation is high.The average annual water surface evaporation of Wucaiwan Reservoir is 397.76×10^(4) m^(3),and the evaporation per unit area is 155.23×10^(4) m^(3)/km^(2).
作者
简咏梅
冯娟
JIAN Yongmei;FENG Juan(Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture Meteorological Administration,Changji 831100,China)
出处
《西北水电》
2024年第6期37-41,共5页
Northwest Hydropower
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U2003106)
新疆昌吉州气象科技基金项目(CJ202408).
关键词
新疆
水库
水面蒸发量
变化特征
Xinjiang
reservoir
water surface evaporation
variation characteristics
作者简介
简咏梅(1976-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,高级工程师,主要从事资源环境与应用气象研究工作。
