摘要
电磁学是物理学的重要分支,但是学生总觉得这部分知识很难学,对于高斯定理和环路定理的理解也比较模糊.本文推广矢量场类比法,将矢量场类比为流体中的流速场,用水的流量类比为通量,流速沿环路的分量类比为环量.通过研究流体中的"起点"和"终点",类比为矢量场中"源"和"汇",用流体里的"漩涡"类比矢量场的"涡旋",并引出高斯定理和环路定理,让学生理解这些定理背后的物理含义.这种方法对后续学习电场强度通量、磁感应强度通量、电场线和磁感应线都有帮助,也有助于理解电场"有源无旋"和磁场"有旋无源"的性质.
Electromagnetism is an important branch of physics. However students always think that this part of knowledge is very difficult, and their understandings of the Gauss theorem and loop theorem are blurred. To promote the vector field analogy method in this paper, we analogize vector field, flux and circulation to velocity field in the fluid, flow of water and the component of velocity along the loop, respectively. By analogizing the 'starting point' and 'end point' in the fluid to the 'source' and 'end' in vector field and analogizing the 'whirlpool' in the fluid to the 'vortex' in vector field respectively, we lead the Gauss theorem and the loop theorem, which helps the students understand the physical meaning behind these theorems better. This approach is helpful for the subsequent learning of electric flux, magnetic flux, electric field line and magnetic field line. It is also helpful for understanding the 'sourced irrotational' property of electric field and the 'rotational solenoidal' property of magnetic field.
出处
《物理与工程》
2016年第S1期22-25,共4页
Physics and Engineering
基金
2014年辽宁省普通高等教育内涵发展-专业建设专项
项目编号:UPRPI2014024
关键词
电磁学
矢量场
类比法
electromagnetism
vector field
analogy method
