摘要
人们心目中的江南士大夫形象,无论峨冠博带的饱学之士,擅长鸿篇巨制的文学侍从之臣,还是娴熟典故参赞朝政的藻饰能手,能言善辩的博雅君子,似乎儒雅有之而缺乏胆气,温婉有之而少阳刚之气,小心谨慎有余而开拓进取殊少,驰骋疆场斩将搴旗者更加罕见。这其实只是江南士大夫治国理政、行为出入的一个面相,远非江南士大夫人文精神的基本面貌。江南士大夫外表貌似柔弱,内心实无比强大,态度似乎和顺,意志则极为坚定,往往是外柔内刚,力重千钧。他们学养丰厚,恂恂儒雅,其实是非分明,原则问题绝不退让;其谈吐多温文尔雅,少见其过激举动,但事关国家兴亡和社稷安危等大事,则虽九死而不悔,多能置生死利害而不顾。
The image of Jiangnan scholar-officials in people's minds,whether they were scholars in formal attire with high hats and broad sashes,literary attendants who were good at writing magnum opuses,or those who were adept at using allusions to assist in court affairs,or refined and eloquent gentlemen,seemed to possess the spirit of elegance but lack courage,have gentleness but lack masculinity,be overly cautious and seldom enterprising.And it was even rarer for them to behead enemy generals and seize their flags on the battlefield.This is actually just one aspect of the Jiangnan scholar-officials concerning their involvement in governance and their daily behavior,and it is far from being the fundamental feature of their humanistic spirit.The Jiangnan scholar-officials seemed weak in appearance,but were actually extremely powerful inside.Their attitudes appeared gentle and harmonious,yet their wills were extremely firm.They were often gentle on the outside but firm on the inside,with great strength and power.They were knowledgeable and refined,polite and elegant.In fact,they had a clear sense of right and wrong,and would never give in on issues of principle.They talked in a gentle and cultivated way,rarely had extreme actions.However,no matter what dangers they faced,when it came to major issues concerning the fate of the nation,they would never waver or retreat and most of them were able to disregard life and death as well as personal gains and losses.
作者
范金民
张彭欣
FAN Jin-min;ZHANG Peng-xin(School of History,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210023,China)
出处
《史学集刊》
北大核心
2025年第1期52-62,共11页
Collected Papers of History Studies
关键词
明清
江南士大夫
人文面相
外柔内刚
Ming and Qing Dynasties
Jiangnan scholar-official
humanistic facet
gentle exterior with a firm interior
作者简介
范金民,南京大学历史学院教授、博士生导师,江苏省文史研究馆馆员,研究方向为明清史和江南。
