摘要
高技术人才移民制度是指国家引进和管理外国高技能人才的制度。建设富有竞争力的高技术人才移民制度是世界主要科技大国的共性实践。中国高技术人才移民制度历经从严密管控到放宽管理、从宏观规划到制度构建、从政策导向到法规落实、从国家设计到地方先行先试的历史演变,形成了国家主导、需求导向的“本土探索”经验;新时代以来,国际化、法制化、服务化趋向更加明显,制度趋于成熟。然而,在实践中,我国高技术人才移民制度面临人才评价体系不健全、身份管理流程复杂、社会融入机制薄弱、多主体协同不足等问题。国际经验表明,多样化和灵活的签证方式,严格的资格审查和配额限制,快速通道和优先处理机制,全面的社会融入支持,长期居留和家庭团聚政策,是成功吸引高技术人才移民的关键所在。结合国际经验和我国实际需求,建立从主观评估到客观评估转向的高技术人才移民积分制度,完善高技术人才移民永居制度和市场导向的“外国人才市场测试”制度,优化央地协同管理、弹性管理的高技术人才移民管理制度,强化技术移民体系以建立高技术人才移民保荐制度,是未来建构中国特色高技术人才移民制度的关键。
The immigration system for high-tech talents refers to the system in which a country introduces and manages foreign high-skilled talents.Building a competitive high-tech talent immigration system is a common practice among the world's major technological powers.China's high-tech talent immigration system has undergone a historical evolution from strict control to relaxed management,from macro planning to institutional construction,from policy orientation to regulatory implementation,and from national design to local pioneering.It has formed a “local exploration” experience led by the state and demand-oriented.Since the new era,the trend towards internationalization,legalization,and servitization has become more apparent,and the system has become mature.However,in practice,China's high-tech talent immigration system faces problems such as an incomplete talent evaluation system,complex identity management processes,weak social integration mechanisms,and insufficient multi-party coordination.International experience has shown that diverse and flexible visa options,strict qualification review and quota restrictions,fast track and priority processing mechanisms,comprehensive social integration support,long-term residency and family reunification policies are key to successfully attracting high-tech talent immigrants.In combination with international experience and China's actual needs,the key to building a high-tech talent migration system with Chinese characteristics in the future is to establish a highly skilled talent migration credit system that changes from subjective assessment to objective assessment,improves the permanent residence system of high-tech talent migration and the market-oriented “foreign talent market test” system,optimize the high-tech talent migration management system of central and local coordinated management and flexible management,and strengthen the skilled migration system to establish a high-tech talent migration recommendation system.
作者
马丽
MA Li(School of Marxism,Northwest University,Xi'an,Shaanxi,710127)
出处
《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第6期17-28,共12页
Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“以建设世界重要人才中心为目标的新时代人才强国战略研究”(22ZDA038)。
关键词
高技术人才移民制度
移民政策
国际经验
积分制度
永居制度
high-tech talent immigration system
immigration policy
international experience
points system
permanent residence system
作者简介
马丽,政治经济学博士,西北大学马克思主义学院、陕西省重点中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心西北大学基地研究员,主要从事中国式现代化和高技术人才等问题研究。
