摘要
面对当前矿区排土场治理修复措施单一等问题,以鄂尔多斯地区露天煤矿排土场边坡为研究对象,通过野外实地调查,运用时空替代的方法探究不同恢复年限及坡向对排土场边坡生态修复效果的影响。研究结果表明:(1)随着恢复年限的增加,Margalef丰富度指数与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数呈现先增加后降低趋势,Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数变化不明显,排土场边坡土壤养分随恢复时间的增长而增加,阴坡植物恢复效果优于阳坡;(2)主成分分析综合得分在恢复12 a时的阴坡最高,为1.212;(3)喷浆播种紫花苜蓿,可对排土场边坡进行生态修复,初期效果不明显,但随时间的增加逐渐稳定。建议在恢复初期选取本地植物,增加群落稳定性,期间施加高氮、高钾、低磷型缓释复合肥。该研究结果可为矿山的绿色修复提供一定的参考。
In the face of the current problems such as the single treatment and restoration measures of the dump in the mining area,the dump slope of the open-pit coal mine in Ordos area was taken as the research object.Through field investigation,the influence of different restoration years and slope directions on the ecological restoration effect of the dump slope was explored by using the method of space-time substitution.The results show that,firstly,with the increase of restoration years,Margalef richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index does not change significantly.Soil nutrient of dump slope increases with the increase of restoration time,and the effect of plant restoration on shady slope is better than that on sunny slope.Secondly,the comprehensive score of principal component analysis is the highest in the shady slope at 12-year of recovery,which is 1.212.Thirdly,the spraying alfalfa can carry out ecological restoration on dump slope.The initial effect is not obvious,but it gradually stabilizes with time.It is suggested that local plants should be selected in the early stage of restoration to increase community stability,and high nitrogen,high potassium and low phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizers should be applied during the period.The research results can provide some reference for the green restoration of mines.
作者
商宇
麻云霞
李钢铁
马媛
王桂英
高俊
赵雪风
郝瑞
SHANG Yu;MA Yunxia;LI Gangtiel;MA Yuan;WANG Guiying;GAO Jun;ZHAO Xuefeng;HAO Rui(College of Desert science and Engineerin,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China;Institude of Forestry and Glassland Science in Hulunbeier,Hulunbeier,Inner Mongolia 021000,China;Key Laboratory of State Forest Administration for Desert Ecosystem Protection and Restoration,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China;Experimental Center of Desert Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Dengkou County,Inner Mongolia 015200,China;Jungar Banner Water Conservancy Development Center,Ordos,Inner Mongolia O10300,China;Ordos Wulan Development Group Incorporated,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 017200,China)
出处
《矿业研究与开发》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第12期136-143,共8页
Mining Research and Development
基金
内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市科技重大专项项目(2022EEDSKJZDZX012)
内蒙古农业大学高层次/优秀博士引进人才科研启动项目(NDYB2021-9)
内蒙古自治区高校科研自然科学重点项目(NJZZ23030)。
关键词
排土场边坡
生态修复
恢复年限
不同坡向
土壤养分
Dump slope
Ecological restoration
Restoration year
Slope direction
Soil nutrient
作者简介
商宇(1997-),男,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,硕士研究生,研究方向为沙区植物资源保护与利用。E-mail:1523203281qq.com;通信作者:麻云霞(1991-),女,内蒙古乌兰察布人,博士,讲师,研究方向为沙区植物资源保护与利用。E-mail:1572666975qq.com。
