摘要
“双碳”目标下,我国既有办公建筑普遍碳排放量较高,改造需求迫切,低碳改造方案制定中针对经济性和减碳效果的不同偏好缺少系统性的优化方法。通过碳排放模拟结合NSGA-II遗传算法,基于多重经济指标综合评价,建立了不同用户偏好下的夏热冬暖地区最佳减碳技术方案选择方法,并以广州某办公建筑改造项目为例进行了验证。结果表明,经该方法获得的改造方案同时实现了减碳效果提升与增量成本控制。该研究将为夏热冬暖地区既有办公建筑实现低碳转型提供科学支持及技术选择依据。
Objective:Existing research on carbon reduction renovation of buildings primarily focuses on the application effect of carbon reduction technologies.However,the impact of user preferences on scheme selection and the inapplicability of schemes due to different budget situations in actual projects are overlooked.Targeted at reducing carbon emission and increment cost for building operation,an optimization method of low-carbon architectural reconstruction path under different preferences was built by combining architectural carbon emission simulation,NSGA-II multi-objective genetic algorithm,and comprehensive evaluation of multiple economic indicators.Moreover,the applicability of this method to regions with hot summers and warm winters was investigated.Methods:The optimization method of low-carbon architectural reconstruction path under different preferences is composed of the identification of carbon emission influencing factors,optimization of carbon reduction technologies,screening of carbon reduction technologies,evaluation of technical schemes,and formulation of personalized carbon reduction templates.For the identification of carbon emission influencing factors,a benchmark building model was established by DesignBuilder and the carbon reduction effects after applying various technologies were calculated.Inapplicable technologies were eliminated according to the carbon reduction effect and analysis of technological characteristics.Carbon emission was calculated after refining the remaining technologies to optimize carbon reduction technologies.Multiple equilibrium schemes that meet requirements on carbon emission and increment cost of building operation were screened by the NSGA-II genetic algorithm.The Pareto solution set obtained by the optimization algorithm was screened using net present value and carbon reduction rate to screen carbon reduction technologies.In order to evaluate technical schemes,indicators such as dynamic payback periods and carbon reduction rates were employed to assess further the economic and carbon reduction effects of the screened schemes.For personalized carbon reduction templates,the path with the best carbon reduction performance,the path with the lowest unit carbon reduction cost,the path with the best full-lifecycle benefit,and the path with minimum project risk were formulated according to multidimensional evaluations of feasible technical schemes.Results:The optimization method of a low-carbon architectural reconstruction path under different preferences was applied to an office building in Guangzhou.In terms of economy,the minimum incremental cost per unit is 156.55 yuan/m2 among the 13 feasible schemes calculated by the proposed method,averaging 260.19 yuan/m2.Compared with similar projects,the incremental cost of the technical scheme obtained from the proposed method can be reduced by 65.87%.The average dynamic payback period of the 13 schemes is 23.60 years,with the shortest being 18.43 years.The average net present value is 2.2005 million yuan,and the highest can reach 3.0476 million yuan.With respect to carbon reduction performance,the maximum carbon reduction rate of the 13 technical schemes is 39.04%,and the average value is 36.34%.It significantly improves the carbon reduction rate by 20%compared to the low-carbon reconstruction scheme in the same region.The carbon reduction of different schemes ranges from 12.16 to 15.38 kg/m2,with an average reaching 14.53 kg/m2.Compared with similar projects,the carbon reduction can be increased by 8.28%to 36.95%.According to the economic and carbon reduction effect evaluation results of the 13 schemes,the path with the best carbon reduction performance,the path with the lowest unit carbon reduction cost,the path with the best full life cycle benefit,and the path with minimized project risk are obtained to satisfy different user preferences.Conclusion:Based on the actual case study of an office building in Guangzhou,it is demonstrated that all feasible schemes obtained from the calculation of the proposed methods all have good economic and carbon reduction effects.Through analysis of the economic and carbon reduction effects of these feasible schemes,the path with the best carbon reduction performance,the path with the lowest unit carbon reduction cost,the path with the best full life cycle benefit,and the path with minimized project risk were further put forward for low-carbon architectural reconstruction in regions with hot summers and warm winters.Limitations:The proposed method applies to regions with hot summers and warm winters but fails to cover all climatic regions.Besides,low-carbon architectural reconstruction evolves multiple technologies.This study only investigated some key technologies rather than covering all refined technologies in different directions.
作者
罗佩
冯燕珊
陈晨
张成昱
成雄蕾
付铮
LUO Pei;FENG Yanshan;CHEN Chen;ZHANG Chengyu;CHENG Xionglei;FU Zheng
出处
《南方建筑》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第12期61-69,共9页
South Architecture
基金
国家重点研发计划重点专项任务(2022YFE0208800-08):社区市政基础设施碳排放计算与评估研究
广东省住房和城乡建设厅研究开发项目(2022-K10-515221):广东省既有办公建筑绿色性能提升与低碳改造关键技术研究及应用示范。
关键词
既有办公建筑
低碳改造
建筑碳排放
多目标优化
existing office buildings
low-carbon reconstruction
building carbon emissions
multi-objective optimization
作者简介
罗佩,广州城建开发设计院有限公司,高级工程师;冯燕珊,广州城建开发设计院有限公司,高级工程师;陈晨,高级工程师;张成昱,高级工程师;成雄蕾,工程师;通讯作者:付铮,助理工程师,电子邮箱:zfu1122@163.com。
