摘要
浙江省不同作物的施肥水平和减肥潜力存在较大差异,厘清当下的施肥现状与存在问题,探明科学有效的化肥减量路径,对推动浙江省农业绿色发展具有重要意义。为此,于2022年在浙江省11个设区市调查7 000多户种植主体,涉及粮油果菜茶等15类作物,调查内容包括肥料品种、施肥用量、施用时间、施用方式、播种面积、作物品种等,并参照现行的浙江省化肥施用限量标准,对不同作物的施肥现状和减肥潜力进行分析。结果显示,近年来浙江省的化肥减量工作成效显著,调查作物中仅小麦、茶的平均化肥养分总施用量超标,小麦的化肥养分总施用量超标面积比例最高,达73%,而在茄果类蔬菜上该指标最低,仅为1.3%,其余作物的超标面积比例在19%~44%。化肥氮施用量超标是导致化肥养分总施用量超标的重要原因。在过量施肥区域,通过科学优化施肥方案,茶、根茎类蔬菜的化肥养分总施用量减施潜力分别为43%、35%,在其余作物上预计可减施10%~25%。
There are large differences in the fertilization levels and fertilizer reduction potential across different crops in Zhejiang Province,China.It is of great significance to promote the development of green agriculture in Zhejiang,by clarifying the status quo of fertilization and exploring a scientific way to reduce fertilizer application.In the present study,more than 7000 planting households in 11 cities of Zhejiang Province in 2022 were surveyed,involving 15 types of crops,such as grains and oil crops,fruits,vegetables,tea,etc.The fertilizer types,fertilizer dosage,application time,application methods,sowing area,crop varieties were investigated.The fertilization status and fertilizer reduction potential of different crops were analyzed based on the limits for chemical fertilizer application rate in Zhejiang Province.It was found that remarkable progress had been achieved in fertilizer reduction in Zhejiang Province.Among the crops surveyed,only the total application rates of nutrients in chemical fertilizers on wheat and tea was above the limits.The proportion of area with excessive application rates of nutrients in chemical fertilizers was as high as 73%in wheat.However,the above index in solanaceous vegetables was the lowest among all the surveyd crops,as only 1.3%.For other crops,the proportion of area with excessive application rates of nutrients in chemical fertilizers ranged from 19%to 44%.Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer was an important reason for the excessive application of total nutrients in chemical fertilizers.In regions with excessive application rates of nutrients in chemical fertilizers,the application rates of total nutrients in chemical fertilizers could be reduced by by 43%and 35%in tea and root vegetables,respectively,and by 10%-25%in the other crops.
作者
陈钰佩
单英杰
陆若辉
朱伟锋
孔海民
CHEN Yupei;SHAN Yingjie;LU Ruohui;ZHU Weifeng;KONG Haimin(Zhejiang Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Management Station,Hangzhou 310020,China)
出处
《浙江农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第11期2566-2574,共9页
Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis
关键词
施肥现状
化肥减施
配方肥
有机肥
浙江省
fertilization status
chemical fertilizer reduction
formula fertilizer
organic fertilizer
Zhejiang Province
作者简介
陈钰佩(1991-),女,浙江永康人,硕士,农艺师,主要从事土肥技术研究与推广应用工作。E-mail:694617628@qq.com;通讯作者:孔海民,E-mail:konghaimin2004@163.com。
