摘要
随着全球经济一体化的加深及消费者需求模式的快速变化,多周期多配送中心车辆调度问题的研究对推动物流行业的智能化、灵活化转型具有深远的理论与实践意义。针对当前物流配送领域中的多批次、小批量、多周期及区域化特点,提出了一种新的多周期多中心协同配送车辆路径优化模型,旨在同时最小化包含司机工资、车辆损耗等固定成本以及时间成本、燃料费等变动成本的总和,并尽量减少所需车辆数量。通过引入多周期整体法的求解思路,并与多周期分解法进行对比分析,采用改进的最大最小蚁群算法进行求解。实验结果表明,相较于分解法,整体法思路在物流配送成本上降低了2%,车辆使用数减少了9%,验证了所提模型及算法的有效性和优越性,对于降低物流成本、提高配送效率、增强企业竞争力具有重要的参考价值。
In this paper,we focused on the multi-depot and multi-period vehicle routing problem to meet the demands of multiple-batch,small-amount,multiple-period and regionalized modern logistics service.Due to the change of customer demand faced by enterprises and the complex distribution conditions of multiple distribution centers serving customers in an area,this paper stressed the importance of optimizing the design of distribution scheme.Next,a new multi-depot and multi-period vehicle routing model was proposed,which aimed to minimize the sum of fixed costs such as drivers'salary and vehicle wear,and variable costs such as time cost and fuel cost,and reduce the number of vehicles needed.By introducing the multi-period integral method and comparing it with multi-period decomposition method,the model was solved using the improved max-min ant system(IMMAS).This paper includes three parts,namely problem description and model establishment,multi-period integral method solution,and example verification and analysis.In problem description and model establishment,it defines the half-open vehicle routing problem with multiple distribution centers and multicycle(HOVRPMDM),and established the corresponding optimization model.In multi-period integral method solution,we introduced the multi-period integral method,which combines the customer requirements of multi-period to form a better distribution route.In example verification and analysis,we compared the distribution schemes of the multi-period decomposition method and multi-period integral method through specific examples,and verified the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.The research result shows that compared with the decomposition method,the multi-period integral method reduces the logistics distribution cost by 2% and the number of vehicles used by 9%,which corroborates the effectiveness and superiority of the model and algorithm,indicating that the integral method has obvious advantages in reducing logistics costs and improving vehicle efficiency.Finally,we put forward the research directions in the future,including considering more constraints(such as logistics service types,vehicle models,and customer satisfaction),constructing multi-objective functions to balance and optimize logistics service objectives,and considering actual traffic conditions to calculate vehicle travel time more accurately,which are helpful to further optimize the logistics distribution scheme,improve logistics efficiency,reduce costs and meet the diversified needs of customers.
作者
杨学娅
YANG Xueya(Sichuan Tobacco Corporation Dazhou Company,Dazhou 635000,China)
出处
《物流技术》
2024年第10期74-86,共13页
Logistics Technology
关键词
多周期整体法
多配送中心
车辆调度
路径优化
蚁群算法
multi-period integral method
multiple distribution centers
vehicle dispatching
route optimization
ant colony algorithm
作者简介
杨学娅(1996-),女,重庆綦江人,西南交通大学交通运输与物流学院硕士研究生,研究方向:供应链管理。
