摘要
【目的】为深入了解南疆土桃果实表型性状的变异特点和多样性。【方法】2023年8—10月对南疆开展土桃资源考察,收集评价133份有代表性的种质材料,对果实的17个描述型性状和5个数量型性状进行了系统鉴定以及变异类型分析。【结果】桃果实17个描述型性状的变异类型丰富,果实成熟期和果实风味变异类型最多,其中果实成熟期的变异类型有9个,果实风味的变异类型有7个;5个数量型性状变异系数为17.39%~48.49%,其中单果质量的变异系数最大。8份种质果实表面不着色,果皮底色呈绿色;16份种质果实果肉颜色为黄色,均为稀有种类。【结论】南疆土桃果实描述型性状变异类型丰富,数量型性状变异系数高,初步筛选出莎车绿肉1号等8份果皮底色为绿色以及莎车黄肉1号等16份黄肉桃优异特异种质。
【Objective】The peach belongs to the Rosaceae family,subfamily Prunoideae,genus Prunus,and subgenus Amygdalus L..It is native to China.As the origin center of peach,China has more than 4000 years of domestication and cultivation history,the most obvious feature is the rich genetic diversi-ty of local cultivated varieties.In the Southern Xinjiang region of China,the germplasm resources of lo-cal peach varieties or Tu Tao are extremely abundant.But the studies on fruit traits of peach is still limit-ed.The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the variation characteristics and diversity of phenotypic traits in peach germplasm in southern Xinjiang,so as to provide a valuable refer-ence for its development and utilization.【Methods】In this study,the investigation on peach varieties were carried out in Southern Xinjiang from August to October 2023,and the experimental materials were collected in Kashgar,Hotan,Alar,Artush covering main counties in the oasis of the Tarim Basin.A total of 133 representative germplasm resources were collected and evaluated,and then 17 descrip-tive traits and 5 quantitative traits were identified and the variation types were analyzed.【Results】The phenotypes of 133 peach germplasm fruits in Southern Xinjiang showed a wide range of variation,and a total of 72 variation types were observed,with an average variation type of nearly 4.2,indicating that the variation types of 17 descriptive traits were abundant,among which the fruit maturity date and fla-vor variation types were wide,and the maturity date mainly occurred from middle August to late Octo-ber,and the mid-late maturity accounted for 84.21%of the whole maturity period.The fruit flavor was banlenced sour and sweet,accounting for 54.89%.The majority of fruit shapes were flat round,fol-lowed by oblong and round.The flesh color was predominantly white,followed by green-white and yel-low.According to the fruit type,biological status of accession,fruit size,shape,flesh color,background color,flavor,soluble solids,yield and quality,were evaluated and analyzed,75 accession had different flush color,and 8 accession had no flush color,the background color was green.The flesh color of 16 accession was yellow.The coefficient of variation of the five quantitative traits was 17.39%-48.49%,and the average coefficient of variation was 24.22%.The single fruit weight was the largest,which was 48.49%.The largest single fruit weight is Zhanminlangan 6,weighing 202.00 g.In contrast,Shache Green No.5 is the smallest,weighing only 20.19 g.The soluble solids content of the fruit was between 8.43%-20.77%,with an average of 13.42%,and the hightest soluble solids content is Pishan Green No.7.【Conclusion】The peach germplasms are very rich and diversity in southern Xinjiang,with high ratio of phenotypic variaionts.Based on this study,we identified a total 8 accession were excellent acces-sions with green flesh,and 16 excellent yellow-fleshed accessions,which provided the important re-sources for future breeding,varieties.
作者
徐孟琪
卢彩红
朱更瑞
邵亚杰
李勇
吴金龙
谢景梅
王新卫
王力荣
XU Mengqi;LU Caihong;ZHU Gengrui;SHAO Yajie;LI Yong;WU Jinlong;XIE Jingmei;WANG Xinwei;WANG Lirong(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;College of Horti-culture and Forestry,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;Institute of Western Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji 831100,Xinjiang,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第12期2369-2376,共8页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目
新疆桃珍稀濒危种质资源的抢救性保护(2021YFD1200202-07)。
关键词
桃
南疆
果实性状
表型
多样性
Peach
Southern Xinjiang
Fruit trait
Phenotype
Diversity
作者简介
徐孟琪,女,在读硕士研究生,主要从事南疆土桃自然群体调查与果实多样性研究。E-mail:2445950188@qq.com;通信作者:王力荣,E-mail:wanglirong@caas.cn。
