摘要
坚持人与自然和谐共生是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的立足点。流域生态系统是包括人与自然在内的多个要素构成的生命共同体,人与自然关系的变化会对整个流域生态系统产生不同程度的影响。洪泽湖作为我国第四大淡水湖,其流域生态治理实践生动体现了人与自然共生关系的变化。通过观察“十年禁渔”政策背景下退渔渔民上岸前后生计模式和湖泊生态之间的一系列活动来理解人与自然的关系演变,可以发现,在国家行政力量主导的“人化自然”过程中,人与自然之间存在寄生、共栖、共生的演变过程与依存模式:在“退渔”前,渔民寄生于自然而生存,长期的单向寄生对自然环境和生态资源带来了消耗和破坏,出现“渔湖双退”的局面;在“禁渔还湖”初期,渔民与自然处于短暂共栖阶段,渔民面临突发性的“离岸上楼”,出现生计方式、社会网络断裂等问题,但洪泽湖的生态环境得以修复;在禁渔中后期,渔民与自然进入互利共生模式,渔民的生产生活需求逐渐趋同于国家流域生态治理的总目标,身份转变为流域生态修复的受益者和推动者,并与其栖息的流域生态系统自发形成多维利益共同体。政府和社会各界力量从观念共生、利益共生和共同治理3个层面帮助渔民在实现生计稳定、绿色发展基础上形成与流域生态和谐共生的发展共同体,实现湖泊生态治理有效、渔业发展绿色转型与渔民生活增收致富的多重目标。
The watershed ecosystem is a life community composed of many elements including human and nature.The change of the relationship between humans and nature will have different effects on the whole watershed ecosystem.Hongze Lake is the fourth largest freshwater lake in China,and its ecological management practices vividly reflect the changes in the symbiotic relationship between man and nature.By observing a series of activities between the livelihood mode and lake ecology of the fishermen who have returned from fishing under the background of"ten-year no-fishing"policy,we can understand the evolution of the relationship between man and nature.It can be found that in the process of"humanizing nature"dominated by the state administrative force,there are parasitic,separate and symbiotic evolution processes and dependency modes between man and nature successively.Under the joint actions of local governments,social organizations and fishermen,the production and living needs of fishermen converge to the overall goal of national watershed ecological governance,and become beneficiaries and promoters of watershed ecological restoration,and spontaneously form a multi-dimensional community of interests with the watershed ecosystem they live in.The harmonious symbiosis between man and nature is realized from the three levels of concept symbiosis,interest symbiosis and joint governance.Through long-term system and standard guidance,social participation and assistance,and the endogenous development of fishermen,fishermen gradually form the value recognition of ecological governance in the basin and form a development community of harmonious symbiosis with the basin ecology on the basis of stable livelihood and green development.
作者
郑娜娜
王晟聪
ZHENG Nana;WANG Shengcong
出处
《南京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2024年第5期64-76,118,共14页
Journal of Nanjing Tech University：Social Science Edition
基金
中国博士后科学基金项目“治理共同体视域下易地搬迁多民族互嵌式社区建构路径研究”(2023M741634)
江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究项目“洪泽湖渔民上岸安居与可持续发展研究”(2020SJA0102)。
作者简介
郑娜娜(1986—),女,河南鹤壁人,南京邮电大学社会与人口学院副教授,南京大学社会学院博士后,研究方向:农村社会学、移民社会学。
