摘要
变轨机车转向架的锁紧机构要求结构简单、可靠,因此文章提出了一种利用轮对自身重力自行解锁的锁紧机构,分别设计了花键和平键两种锁紧方式。通过对键进行理论静强度校核、对锁紧机构进行有限元分析,确定了锁紧方式和材料,以两者中方案较优的平键式锁紧机构为研究对象,分析了平键与轴箱体间不同过盈量和平键倒角大小对其强度的影响。结果表明,平键式锁紧机构的等效应力小于花键式,而且平键式锁紧机构加工、拆卸相对方便,维护成本也较低;当平键式锁紧机构采用C级钢时,其等效应力最小,并且最大等效应力随着过盈量的增加呈现先平再减后增的趋势,最大等效应力位置与过盈量有关;选择合适的平键倒角大小,能够有效缓解应力集中,减小等效应力。该锁紧机构结构简单可靠,“解锁-锁紧”过程简便,可为变轨转向架的设计提供参考。
Variable gauge locomotives require bogie locking mechanisms that are both structurally simple and reliable.This paper presents a locking mechanism that leverages the gravity of the wheelsets for unlocking and supports two locking modes:spline and flat key.The selection of locking modes and materials was guided by the theoretical static strength checks of the keys and finite element anal-ysis of the locking mechanism.The flat key option was selected as the study object due to its superior performance compared to the spline option.An analysis was conducted to assess the influence of different magnitudes of interference between the flat key and the axle box body,as well as the chamfer size of the flat key.The results show that the flat key option is lower in the equivalent stress than the spline option and convenient in processing and disassembly,resulting in reduced maintenance costs.Furthermore,flat key locking mecha-nisms made of C-grade steel exhibit the lowest equivalent stress.The maximum equivalent stress shows a trend of first flattening,fol-lowed by a decrease,and then an increase with increasing magnitudes of interference.The position of the maximum equivalent stress is found to be associated with the magnitudes of interference.Additionally,choosing an appropriate chamfer size for flat keys can effective-ly alleviate stress concentration and reduce equivalent stress.This locking mechanism,characterized by its simple and reliable structure and a simple and convenient unlocking-locking process,provides a reference for the design of variable gauge bogies.
作者
陈丙硕
黄志辉
杨成龙
李治桦
彭越阳
唐嘉诚
CHEN Bingshuo;HUANG Zhihui;YANG Chenglong;LI Zhihua;PENG Yueyang;TANG Jiacheng(State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610031,China)
出处
《机车电传动》
2024年第5期82-89,共8页
Electric Drive for Locomotives
基金
四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC0035)。
关键词
变轨转向架
锁紧机构
花键
平键
过盈量
有限元分析
variable gauge bogie
locking mechanism
spline
flat key
magnitude of interference
FEA
作者简介
通信作者:黄志辉,男,工学博士,研究员,硕士生导师,主要从事机车车辆设计及理论、车辆系统动力学、结构与强度等方面的研究,E-mail:hzh_95@163.com。
