摘要
氮肥过量或不合理施用不仅会增加农田氮损失,降低氮肥利用率(NUE),不利于产量的提高,还会引起环境问题。硝化抑制剂可通过抑制硝化作用减少氮损失,提高氮利用。尽管硝化抑制剂降低中国农田氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)排放和促进作物产量的相关研究较多,但仍缺乏系统分析。本研究基于数据整合分析的方法,系统分析了氮肥配施硝化抑制剂对中国农田N_(2)O减排效应、主要作物产量及农田NUE的影响,以明确土壤p H、施氮量和作物类型对硝化抑制剂应用效果的具体影响。结果表明:氮肥配施硝化抑制剂可使农田N_(2)O排放效应量降低38.66%(P<0.05),主要作物产量效应量增加7.31%(P>0.05),作物氮素吸收效应量和氮肥利用率效应量分别提升10.97%(P>0.05)和25.64%(P>0.05)。不同类型硝化抑制剂中,DMPP对N_(2)O的减排效应最大(57.30%),其次是CP(35.07%)与DCD(32.28%);CP的增产效应最高(12.76%),其次为DCD(5.65%)与DMPP(4.25%)。硝化抑制剂对高氮投入农田(≥300 kg/hm^(2))N_(2)O的减排效应大于中、低氮投入农田(<300 kg/hm^(2));硝化抑制剂对中氮投入农田(200~300 kg/hm^(2))主要作物的增产效应大于高氮和低氮投入农田;硝化抑制剂对中性农田土壤N_(2)O减排和作物增产效应最大,其次是碱性土壤。主成分分析结果表明,在硝化抑制剂与氮肥配施的条件下,土壤pH是影响作物产量和N_(2)O排放的主要因素。综上,氮肥配施硝化抑制剂能显著降低中国农田N_(2)O排放,在一定程度上提高作物产量、吸氮量和氮肥利用率,是减少氮肥损失,促进氮肥高效利用的有效措施。
Excessive or irrational application of nitrogen(N)fertilizer not only increases N losses,decreases N use efficiency(NUE)and affect yield improvement in cropland,but also causes some environmental problems.Nitrification inhibitors(NIs)can reduce N losses and improve NUE through inhibiting nitrification process.Although numerous studies about NIs focused on the reduction of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions and promotion of yield in cropland in China,systematic analysis was still poor.In this paper,meta-analysis was used to study the effects of N fertilizer combined with NIs on the reduction of N_(2)O emissions,major crop yield and NUE in cropland in China,so as to clarify the influences of soil pH,N application amounts and crop types on effects of NIs.The results showed that N fertilizer combined with NIs reduced the N_(2)O emissions effect from cropland by 38.66%significantly(P<0.05),increase the effect of major crop yield by 7.31%(P>0.05),and enhance the effect of crop N uptake and NUE by 10.97%(P>0.05)and 25.64%(P>0.05),respectively.Among the different types of NIs,DMPP reduced the effect of N_(2)O emissions to maximum extent(57.30%),followed by CP and DCD,which reduced the effect of N_(2)O emissions by 35.07%and 32.28%.CP enhanced the effect of yield to maximum extent(12.76%),followed by DCD(5.65%)and DMPP(4.25%).The reduction size of NIs on N_(2)O emissions in high N input cropland(≥300 kg/hm^(2))was greater than that in medium and low N input cropland(<300 kg/hm^(2)).The increasing effect of NIs on yield of main crops in medium N input cropland(200-300 kg/hm^(2))was greater than that in high and low N input cropland.The effects of NIs on reducing N_(2)O emissions and increasing crop yield in neutral soil were greater than those in acidic and alkaline soil.Principal component analysis(PCA)showed that soil pH was the main factor affecting crop yield and N_(2)O emission under the condition of N fertilizer applied with NIs.To sum up,N fertilizer combined with NIs could reduce N_(2)O emissions significantly,increase crop yield,improve N uptake and NUE to a certain extent,which was an effective path to decrease N losses and promote N utilization.
作者
康丽霞
罗维贵
侯振安
闵伟
刘涛
KANG Lixia;LUO Weigui;HOU Zhen'an;MIN Wei;LIU Tao(College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2024年第32期107-115,共9页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“生物硝化/天然脲酶抑制剂对绿洲灰漠土N2O和NH3排放的影响及其微生物学机制”(42067021)
石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目“双抑制剂调控干旱区农田土壤氮转化的微生物机制”(RCZK201927)。
作者简介
第一作者:康丽霞,女,1998年出生,甘肃定西人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤肥力调控。通信地址:832003新疆石河子北五路石河子大学北苑新区,E-mail:1735963902@qq.com;通信作者:刘涛,女,1978年出生,新疆霍城人,副教授,博士,主要从事土壤养分循环与微生物调控方面的研究。通信地址:832003新疆石河子北五路石河子大学北苑新区农科楼215B,E-mail:liutao20029@163.com。
