摘要
【目的】探明羊粪、牛粪、猪粪和鸡粪等不同畜禽粪源-秸秆有机肥对土壤及蔬菜根和叶中重金属积累的影响,为指导畜禽粪源-秸秆有机肥安全施用提供理论依据。【方法】以不施畜禽粪源-秸秆有机肥为对照组,畜禽粪源-秸秆有机肥为研究对象,采用田间随机区组试验设计种植青菜和白菜,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤和蔬菜重金属含量,研究不同粪源-秸秆有机肥对土壤及蔬菜根和叶重金属元素积累的影响。【结果】各畜禽粪源-秸秆有机肥中As、Hg、Cd和Pb含量分别为2.43~4.34 mg/kg、0.10~0.12 mg/kg、0.34~0.79 mg/kg和2.13~10.30 mg/kg,均低于我国有机肥限量标准,其中,羊粪秸秆有机肥中Cd含量为0.79mg/kg,超过欧盟标准;Ni含量为6.23~11.20 mg/kg,低于欧盟标准。与对照相比,各畜禽粪源-秸秆有机肥施肥处理均可提高青菜与白菜的根重,且青菜生长状况表现更优,其主根粗壮、根系发达及整体植株长势良好。土壤中As、Hg和Ni含量随施用量增长呈非线性增加,土壤中Cd和Pb含量差异不大;各施肥处理中土壤重金属含量较蔬菜移栽前均有所降低。与对照相比,施肥后蔬菜根与叶中重金属含量总体呈下降趋势,且随施肥量增加而降低比例增大,符合食品安全限量要求。【结论】科学规范施用畜禽粪便-秸秆有机肥可调控土壤重金属迁移,降低其生物有效性,保障蔬菜绿色生产及食用安全。
【Objective】In order to provide theoretical basis for guiding the safe application of straw and manure based organic fertilizer,it aimed to study the effects of different straw and manure based organic fertilizers,including sheep manure,cattle manure,pig manure,chicken manure,on the heavy metal accumulation in soil and roots and leaves of vegetable.【Method】The non-fertilization of straw and manure based organic fertilizer was used as CK,and the straw and manure based organic fertilizers were used as the objective.The randomized block experiment was designed to plant green vegetable and cabbage,and the content of heavy metal from soil and vegetable was determined through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),so that the effects of different straw and manure based organic fertilizers on the heavy metal accumulation in soil and roots and leaves of vegetable were studied.【Result】The contents of As,Hg,Cd and Pb in different straw and manure based organic fertilizers ranged from 2.43 to 4.34 mg/kg,from 0.10 to 0.12 mg/kg,from 0.34 to 0.79 mg/kg and from 2.13 to 10.30 mg/kg,respectively,which were all lower than the limit standard of organic fertilizer in China.The Cd content in sheep manure-straw organic fertilizer was 0.79 mg/kg,exceeding EU standard,while Ni content ranged from 6.23 to 11.2 mg/kg,lower than EU standard.Compared with CK,different straw and manure based organic fertilizers all could improve the root weight of green vegetable and cabbage,and green vegetable had better growth performance with sturdy main root,developed root and good growth potential of whole plant.As,Hg and Ni content in soil increased non-linearly with the increase of application amount,and the contents of Cd and Pb in soil did not change significantly.The contents of heavy metal under different treatments were lower than that before transplanting.Compared with CK,the heavy metal content in roots and leaves of vegetable showed a decreasing trend in general after fertilization,and the decreasing ratio increased with fertilization amount increasing,which met the requirement of food safety limit.【Conclusion】Scientifically and normatively applying straw and manure based organic fertilizer can regulate the migration of heavy metal in soil,reduce the bioavailability of heavy metal,and ensure the green production and edible safety of vegetables.
作者
马连刚
张维
MA Liangang;ZHANG Wei(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou Institute of Technology,Guiyang,Guizhou 550003,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
CAS
2024年第11期124-132,共9页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
贵州省科技计划项目“秸秆-畜禽粪便有机肥施用过程中腐殖质对重金属迁移转化影响研究”(黔科合基础﹝2019﹞1417)
“贵州喀斯特地区石灰土中腐殖质赋存形态研究”(黔科合平台人才﹝2017﹞5789-18)。
关键词
畜禽粪源
秸秆
有机肥
重金属
蔬菜
土壤
manure based
straw
organic fertilizer
heavy metal
vegetables
soil
作者简介
马连刚(1983-),男,副教授,博士,从事土壤固碳与固体废弃物综合利用研究。E-mail:mar1810@163.com。
