摘要
利用微生物进行土壤改良与修复,进而促进植被恢复,发挥植物-微生物协同作用是有效的生态修复方法。功能丰富的细菌、真菌等多种微生物已成功用于土壤的改良与修复,应用前景广阔。本文综述了土壤微生物在土壤改良与修复中的作用,总结了可用于土壤改良与修复的真菌、细菌的种类及发挥的功能;从微生物对土壤的直接作用包括促进养分循环、改善土壤结构及质地、减轻土壤中重金属污染危害,以及通过促进植物生长、提高植物抗逆性增加土壤中根系生物量及分泌物的作用间接改善土壤环境两方面阐明了微生物的修复机制;并总结实际生产土壤微生物的利用方式;最后针对目前应用中存在的问题如微生物菌剂产品功能单一以及作用效果不稳定等,提出了解决方法,并对未来的研究重点进行了展望。该综述可为路域建设破坏区域,草地退化等亟需生态修复区域中如何利用土壤微生物进行土壤改良提供参考。
The utilization of microorganisms for soil improvement and remediation,which subsequently enhances vegetation restoration,is an economical,efficient,and environmentally friendly approach.Currently,a diverse array of microorganisms,including bacteria and fungi,has been successfully and widely applied in soil improvement and remediation,demonstrating promising application prospects.To provide a valuable reference for utilization of microorganisms,this paper reviews the roles of soil microorganisms in soil improvement and remediation,summarizes the types and functions of microbes applicable to soil remediation,and elucidates the mechanisms of remediation.These mechanisms include the direct effects via promoting soil nutrient cycling,improving soil structure and texture,and reducing soil pollution as well as the indirect enhancement of the soil environment via nutrient supply for plants,plant growth promotion,and increased plant stress resistance.These microorganisms are typically applied in the forms of microbial inoculants and fertilizers.Finally,we address the challenges encountered in current applications and propose solutions,while also outlining prospects for further research directions.
作者
宋泽海
田沛
SONG Zehai;TIAN Pei(Gansu Province Transportation Planning,Survey&Design institute,Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu,China;State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China)
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第11期2622-2636,共15页
Pratacultural Science
基金
甘肃省交通运输厅科技项目(2021-28)。
关键词
土壤修复
土壤改良
真菌
细菌
土壤养分
植物生长
微生物菌剂
soil improvement
soil remediation
fungi
bacteria
soil nutrients
plant growth
microbial inoculum
作者简介
通信作者:宋泽海(1984-),男,安徽安庆人,正高级工程师,硕士,主要从事公路环保景观绿化设计、水土保持方案报告编制以及科研等工作。E-mail:59621987@qq.com。
