摘要
对国内外热防护材料烧蚀模型的研究进展进行了综述。首先介绍了非涂层类和涂层类材料的热化学烧蚀模型,然后阐述了发动机内防护材料受颗粒和气流侵蚀的模型,最后讨论了飞行器外防护材料的机械剥蚀模型。分析表明:热化学烧蚀模型主要基于体烧蚀和表面烧蚀守恒方程,但现有表面烧蚀方程中缺乏对气流侵蚀和机械剥蚀的描述,体烧蚀方程中也未能体现炭层的多孔介质特性;颗粒和气流侵蚀模型中,一般将临界孔隙度作为炭层破坏的判据,建立表面剪切应力和孔隙率的经验关系式;机械剥蚀模型中,普遍将现象与侵蚀机制结合,未考虑材料内部性能演变和破坏机制。未来有必要重视飞行器外防护涂层材料的研究,建立更为精准的气流侵蚀、力学剥蚀模型,并与热化学烧蚀模型耦合。
The research progress of the ablation model of thermal protection materials both domestically and internationally is reviewed.To begin with,the thermochemical ablation models of non-coated and coated materials are presented.Subsequently,the models of particle and airflow erosion of thermal protection materials in rocket engines are depicted.Finally,the mechanical denudation models of the external protection materials of the flight vehicle are deliberated.The research findings suggest that the thermochemical ablation models are primarily based on the conservation equations of volume and surface ablation.Nevertheless,the existing surface ablation equations are deficient in the description of airflow erosion and mechanical denudation,and the characteristics of the porous medium within the char layer cannot be reflected in the volume ablation equation.In the particle and airflow erosion models,critical porosity is typically utilized as a criterion for char layer disruption,and an empirical relationship between surface shear stress and porosity is established.The mechanical denudation model generally combines the phenomenon with the erosion mechanisms,without taking into account the evolution laws and damage mechanism of the material′s internal performance.In the future,attention should be paid to the research of the coating materials outside the flight vehicle and a more precise coupling model encompassing airflow erosion,mechanical denudation,and thermochemical ablation should be established.
作者
卞晨杰
孙得川
杜礼明
BIAN Chenjie;SUN Dechuan;DU Liming(School of Mechanics and Aeronautics and Astronautics,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis,Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;School of Locomotive and Rolling Stock Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China)
出处
《宇航学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第10期1509-1523,共15页
Journal of Astronautics
关键词
飞行器
热防护材料
烧蚀模型
气流侵蚀
机械剥蚀
Flight vehicle
Thermal protection material
Ablation model
Airflow erosion
Mechanical denudation
作者简介
卞晨杰(1996-),男,博士生,主要从事气动热与烧蚀模型等方面的研究。通信地址:大连市大连理工大学力学与航空航天学院(116024)电话:18015305009,E-mail:chenjiebian@mail.dlut.edu.cn;通信作者:孙得川(1973-),男,博士,教授,主要从事气动热及防护系统仿真与实验、火箭发动机工作过程等方面的研究。通信地址:大连市大连理工大学力学与航空航天学院(116024)电话:15140358316,E-mail:dechuans@dlut.edu.cn。
