摘要
目的了解苏北某市稻米及其生长土壤常见重金属含量,评价重金属污染风险水平,探讨稻米重金属与其生长土壤的相关性。方法2020—2022年选择苏北某市农村地区分别采集各点稻米及其生长土壤样品,按国标采用石墨炉原子吸收或原子荧光法检测样品中铅、镉、汞、铬、砷的含量,采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评价其污染风险水平,分析两者的相关性。结果水稻土壤中铅、镉、汞、铬、砷平均含量分别为24.02、0.14、0.13、46.41和4.30 mg/kg,均未超标;单因子污染指数评价结果为土壤处于无污染状态,内梅罗指数综合评价结果为部分点位土壤处于警戒限,占比1.67%,其余地区土壤均处于安全状态,占比98.33%。土壤生长稻米中汞未检出,铅、镉、铬和砷平均含量分别为0.01、0.05、0.34和0.04 mg/kg,铅未超标,镉、砷、汞超标率分别为4.44%、3.89%和0.006%。稻米单因子指数法安全性评价结果为8个点位镉轻度、重度超标,7个点位砷轻度超标,1个点位铬轻度超标。土壤砷与稻米砷、土壤铅与稻米铅和砷、土壤汞与稻米汞和铬呈显著正相关(均P<0.05)。结论农田土壤重金属环境质量总体处于清洁或尚清洁状态,部分地区稻米受镉、砷、铬不同程度污染,稻米砷、铅、汞、铬重金属含量与其生长土壤砷、铅、汞有相关性,稻米安全性需引起关注。
Objective To understand the content of common heavy metals in rice and its growing paddy soil,evaluate the risk level of heavy metal pollution,and explore the correlation between heavy metal pollution in rice and its growing soil.Methods From 2020 to 2022,rice and its growing paddy soil samples were collected from various points in rural areas of a city in northern Jiangsu.The contents of lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg),chromium(Cr),arsenic(As)were detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometry or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry,evaluate the risk level of heavy metal pollution with the methods of the single factor index and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index,and the correlation between the two was analyzed.Results The average content of Pb,Cd,Hg,Cr and As in paddy soil was 0.01,0.05,0.34,and 0.04 mg/kg,respectively,all of which did not exceed the standard.The evaluation result of single factor index showed that the soil was in a pollution-free state,while the comprehensive risk evaluation result of Nemero index showed that the soil in some points was in warning limit state(1.67%),and the others were in safe state(98.33%).Mercury was not detected in rice grown in soil.The average content of Pb,Cd,Cr and As in rice was 0.01,0.05,0.34 and 0.04 mg/kg,respectively.Lead in rice was below the limit by the official standards,while the exceed ratio of cadmium,arsenic and mercury in rice were 4.44%,3.89%and 0.006%,respectively.The results of safety evaluation of rice by single factor index showed that 8 sites had mild and severe cadmium exceedances,7 sites had mild arsenic exceedances,and 1 site had mild chromium exceedances.There were significant positive correlation between arsenic in paddy soil and arsenic in rice,lead in paddy soil and lead and arsenic in rice,mercury in paddy soil and mercury and chromium in rice(all P<0.05).Conclusion The heavy metal environmental quality of paddy soil is generally clean or still clean,and the rice in some areas is polluted by cadmium,arsenic and chromium in varying degrees.The heavy metal contents such as As,Pb,Hg and Cr in rice were correlated with the As,Pb and Hg in the growth soil,so the safety of rice needs attention.
作者
杨娟
陈国才
骆善彩
张雯
陈晓敏
YANG Juan;CHEN Guocai;LUO Shancai;ZHANG Wen;CHEN Xiaomin(Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,Huai’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Huai'an,Jiangsu 223003,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2024年第15期2047-2050,2057,共5页
Occupation and Health
关键词
农田
土壤
稻米
重金属
Farmland
Soil
Rice
Heavy metal
作者简介
杨娟,女,副主任医师,主要从事环境和食品卫生工作。;通信作者:陈晓敏,主任医师,E-mail:chen-xiaomin@163.com。
