摘要
【目的】研究氮肥减量配施生物有机肥对春小麦增产及土壤培肥的影响。【方法】在新疆昌吉回族自治州(简称昌吉州)呼图壁县五工台镇十户村农场进行培肥试验,研究有机肥对土壤有机质和养分的影响。以不施肥(CK)为对照,设置1个常规施肥(CF)处理,2个氮肥减量水平T_(1)D_(1)、T_(1)D_(2)(氮肥减量15%,氮肥减量30%)和2个生物有机肥施肥量T_(2)D_(1)、T_(2)D_(2)(1125、2250 kg/hm^(2)),共6个处理,每个处理4次重复。【结果】与常规施肥CF相比,各氮肥减量配施生物有机肥处理的春小麦LAI和SPAD值均有提高,春小麦理论产量增加了9.03%~28.84%;各氮肥减量处理降低了0~10 cm、10~20 cm土层的土壤pH值和土壤电导率,增加了土壤有机质。氮肥减量相同时,施用2250 kg/hm^(2)生物有机肥的处理比施用1125 kg/hm^(2)生物有机肥的处理增加土壤养分含量更高;当生物有机肥施量相同时,各土层氮肥减量15%处理比氮肥减量30%处理的土壤养分含量更高。与不施肥处理CK与常规施肥处理CF相比,各氮肥减量配施生物有机肥处理的土壤细菌数量和放线菌数量呈上升趋势,土壤真菌数量呈下降趋势。【结论】氮肥减量15%时配施生物有机肥是实现肥料资源合理利用和改善土壤环境的良好施肥模式,促进盐碱地春小麦生长发育,降低土壤pH值和电导率,增加土壤养分含量,调节土壤可培养微生物数量结构的效果最佳。
【Objective】Study on impact of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with bio-organic fertilizer on spring wheat yield enhancement and soil enrichment.【Methods】A field enrichment experiment was conducted at Shihuzi Village Farm in Wugongtai Town,Hutubi County,Changji Prefecture,Xinjiang to study the effects of organic fertilizer on soil organic matter and nutrient levels.Six treatments were employed:a control without fertilizer application(CK),a conventional fertilizer application(CF),two levels of nitrogen reduction(T_(1)D_(1),T_(1)D_(2),reduced by 15%and 30%,respectively),and two bio-organic fertilizer application rates(T_(2)D_(1),T_(2)D_(2),at 1,125 kg/hm^(2)and 2,250 kg/hm^(2)).Each treatment was replicated four times.【Results】In comparison to CF,treatments combining reduced nitrogen and bio-organic fertilizer application exhibited improved leaf area index(LAI)and soil plant analysis development(SPAD)values for spring wheat.The theoretical yield of spring wheat increased by 9.03%to 28.84%.The nitrogen reduction treatments lowered soil pH and electrical conductivity in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers,while augmenting soil organic matter.With the same nitrogen reduction,the treatment with 2,250 kg/hm^(2)bio-organic fertilizer displayed higher soil nutrient content compared with the treatment with 1,125 kg/hm^(2).When applying the same quantity of bio-organic fertilizer,the 15%nitrogen reduction treatment had greater soil nutrient content than the 30%reduction treatment.In contrast to CK and CF treatments,the treatments integrating reduced nitrogen and bio-organic fertilizer application exhibited increased populations of soil bacteria and actinomycetes,whereas soil fungal populations diminished.【Conclusion】A 15%reduction in nitrogen fertilization coupled with bio-organic fertilizer application emerges as an effective fertilization strategy,which encourages prudent utilization of fertilizer resources,enhances soil conditions,promots spring wheat growth in saline-alkali lands,reduces soil pH and electrical conductivity,boosts soil nutrient levels,and optimizes soil microbiota composition.
作者
袁以琳
颜安
左筱筱
侯正清
张振飞
肖淑婷
孙哲
马梦倩
赵宇航
YUAN Yilin;YAN An;ZUO Xiaoxiao;HOU Zhengqing;ZHANG Zhenfei;XIAO Shuting;SUN Zhe;MA Mengqian;ZHAO Yuhang(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期1872-1882,共11页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项“南疆盐碱地促生生物有机肥研制技术引进与推广”(2019E0245)。
关键词
生物有机肥
春小麦
盐碱地
氮肥减量
bio-organic fertilizer
spring wheat
saline-alkali land
nitrogen reduction
作者简介
袁以琳(1994-),男,河南驻马店人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业信息化,(E-mail)171043013@qq.com;通讯作者:颜安(1983-),男,四川安岳人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为数字农业技术、农业资源与环境,(E-mail)zryanan@163.com。
