摘要
唐代以来崇奉道教成为统治者宣扬皇权的手段之一,北宋从太宗皇帝开始逐步推出了与前代不同的供奉对象和神仙系统,并创建不同布局的宫观供奉神灵。本文以“御用宫观”指代这些直接服务于帝王的、具有政治宣传功能的宫观,在爬梳相关史料的基础上,对宋太宗时期御用宫观案例进行历史梳理和平面复原。经分类比较发现,这些案例均采用主神分殿的供奉模式,形成了殿宇众多、规模千楹的大型宫观,同时又为适应不同的供奉对象在平面布局上呈现轴线式和五方式两种群体组织模式。这一时期御用宫观颇具创新的供奉和布局模式是其后北宋御用宫观建设的重要参考。
Since Tang dynasty,the reverence for Taoism has emerged as a pivotal tool for emperors to propagate and reinforce their imperial authority.Commencing with Emperor Taizong of Song dynasty,a diverse array of deities and an innovative celestial hierarchy were progressively incorporated,prompting the construction of Taoist temples,each boasting unique layouts,to sanctify these divine beings.In this paper,the term“imperial Taoist temples”denotes those in direct service to the emperor,fulfilling political propaganda functions.Drawing upon pertinent historical documents,this paper delves into the probable original blueprints for the imperial Taoist temples during the Song Taizong era.Upon categorization and comparison,it emerges that these temples uniformly adopted a pantheon-worship model in distinct halls,resulting in vast temples with numerous halls and thousands of pillars.Furthermore,they exhibited two organization patterns in their layout plans:the axis-based type and the five-direction type,each suited to different deities.The innovation features in pantheon-worship model and layout of the imperial temples during this period served as an important reference for the construction of imperial temples in the later Northern Song dynasty.
出处
《建筑史学刊》
2024年第3期74-85,共12页
Journal of Architectural History
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“《营造法式》研究与注疏”(17ZDA185)
国家社科基金重大项目“两宋建筑史料编年研究”(19ZDA199)
国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于《营造法式》的唐宋时期木构建筑、图像及仿木构建筑中的建筑装饰与色彩案例研究”(51678325)。
关键词
宋太宗
御用宫观
平面布局
建筑规模
道教神系
建筑类型
Song Taizong
imperial Taoist temple
architectural layout
architectural scale
Taoist deities system
architecture type
作者简介
傅娜,故宫博物院博士后,主要从事建筑历史与理论研究。
