摘要
林果疫木枝条的无害化处理和资源化利用,是当前农林废弃物处理以及植物疫病防控的难点,也是农业环境科学与植物保护科学交叉研究的新方向。本试验以库尔勒香梨(Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu)梨火疫病疫木为靶标,采用菌-虫(白星花金龟,Protaetia brevitarsis)联合,开展菌剂、牛粪香梨枝条配比、酵化时间的三因素五水平正交试验,明确疫木发酵关键技术参数,以及白星花金龟最佳取食组合。试验结果表明,5种腐解菌+牛粪处理最高发酵温度均已超过55℃,其中EM菌剂腐解效果最好,LK菌剂次之。发酵产物经菌虫复合转化12 d后,幼虫质量增加5.32~8.38 g,虫砂量可达36.93~83.55 g,虫砂转化率最高可达94.26%。综合考虑降低牛粪添加比例、酵化时间及物料处理成本,LK菌剂、添加40%的牛粪及酵化25 d为白星花金龟幼虫最佳取食组合方案,且发酵产物以及白星花金龟转化产物虫体和虫砂中均未检测出梨火疫病菌(Erwinia amylovora)。研究表明,微生物与白星花金龟相结合对香梨疫木枝条有较好的转化率,通过白星花金龟实现了疫木枝条的资源化利用,且阻断了疫木枝条传播病源的途径。
Harmless treatments and resourceful utilization of fruit and forest tree branches have become a paramout problem for agricultural and forestry waste treatments and plant diseases cotrol,which is also a new intersection of agro-environemnt science and plant protection science research.In this study,Korla fragrant pear(Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu)branches infected by fire blight were used as targets.The combination of microorganism and insects(Protaetia brevitarsis)was employed in the three-factor and five-level orthogonal test of the ratio of microorganism,cow dung and pear branches and the number of fermentation days.The experiment aimed to determine the key technical parameters for fermentation of diseased branches,and explore the best scheme for feeding the P.brevitarsis.The results indicated that the highest fermentation temperatures of five decomposing microorganism+cow dung treatments had exceeded 55℃,among which EM agent had the best decomposing effect,followed by LK agent.After the fermentation product was transformed for 12 days by microorganism and insects,the weight of larvae increased by 5.32-8.38 g,the amount of insect dung sand reached to 36.93-83.55 g,and the highest conversion rate of insect dung sand reached 94.26%.On account of reducing the proportion of cow dung addition,the number of days of fermentation and the cost of material treatment,the best feeding scheme for the P.brevitarsis larvae was LK microbial agent,40% cow dung addition and 25 days of fermentation.In addition,Erwinia amylovora was not detected in fermentation product,the body and insect dung sand of P.brevitarsis.The application of microorganisms and P.brevitarsis was capable of transforming the infected branches of fragrant pear,realizing resourceful utilization of infected pear branches and blocking the disease spreading path by infected branches.
作者
杨磊磊
杜会英
盛强
魏志鹏
张广杰
徐安东
王易芳
杨文君
王赞
马德英
黄伟
YANG Leilei;DU Huiying;SHENG Qiang;WEI Zhipeng;ZHANG Guangjie;XU Andong;WANG Yifang;YANG Wenjun;WANG Zan;MA Deying;HUANG Wei(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of the Pest Monitoring and Safety Control of Crops and Forests of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830052,China;Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Species in Agriculture&Forestry of the North-western Desert Oasis,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830052,China;Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China;Xinjiang Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Korla 841000,China)
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第10期2393-2400,共8页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1400200)。
关键词
梨火疫病菌
库尔勒香梨
疫木枝条
白星花金龟
腐解菌
资源化利用
Erwinia amylovora
Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu
pear branches infeced by fire blight
Protaetia brevitarsis
decomposing fungi
resourceful utilization
作者简介
杨磊磊(1997-),女,甘肃永靖人,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物保护与资源利用。E-mail:yangleilei_318@163.com;通信作者:马德英,E-mail:mdyxnd@163.com;通信作者:黄伟,E-mail:1340048703@qq.com。
