摘要
清代地方官员从某一官缺调动至另一官缺,因职位变动引起任职地变化,形成空间流动。对清代职官数据库(地方志)已录入的2.1万余条清代山西地方官员数据中任职山西知县的4477名官员进行考察,可以发现清代山西知县在省内以“跨府(直隶州)平级流动”为主,并在嘉道以后平调次数显著增加。政区缺分等第对知县的流动方向具有较大影响,知县平级流动的总体趋势是“由简至繁”调动,要缺的流动率相对较高,晋升率也明显高于中缺、简缺。然而,山西知县的晋升率仅为4.42%,大部分官员仕途生涯止于知县。山西首县阳曲县知县流动特点较为突出,流入人次、晋升率皆高于其他县。分析官员的空间流动,为观察清代官员选任制度的规定与运行,以及理解清廷调配官僚资源以达到“量才授任”“人地相宜”的用人理念提供了新的视角。
The spatial mobility of local officials in the Qing Dynasty refers to their changes in work locations due to position transfers.This study,utilizing data from the Qing Government Employee Database,examines 4,477 county magistrates who served in Shanxi.It reveals that magistrates predominantly experienced"cross-prefectural lateral mobility"within the province,with a significant increase in such transfers following the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods.The rank of administrative vacancies significantly influenced mobility,with transfers typically moving"from simpler to more complex"positions.Officials in crucial roles had higher transfer rates and better promotion prospects compared to others.However,the overall promotion rate for county magistrates in Shanxi was just 4.42%,with most officials ending their careers at this level.Yangqu County,noted for its greater fluidity,showed higher turnover and promotion rates.This paper provides insights into the official selection system and its operation during the Qing Dynasty,offering a new perspective on how the Qing government managed human resources based on merit and local conditions.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期24-41,M0003,共19页
Modern Chinese History Studies
基金
中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目“基于地方志的清代职官信息集成数据库建设与研究”(21XNLG04)的阶段性成果。
作者简介
胡存璐,华中师范大学中国近代史研究所讲师。
