摘要
目的分析黔南州2017-2022监测年度流感的流行病学特征,发现其变异规律,为科学防控流感提供依据。方法对“中国流感监测信息系统”中2017-2022年黔南州流感监测哨点医院采集并录入的门急诊流感样病例(ILI)及流感网络实验室的病原学监测数据,以流感监测年度为周期进行统计分析。结果2017-2022监测年度共采集ILI咽拭子标本5554例,总核酸阳性率为12.15%(675例);检出阳性率最高为乙型Victoria系(BV),为5.78%,最低为乙型Yamagata系(BY),为0.63%;2017-2018年和2019-2020年两个监测年度呈双峰流行特点,有秋、冬春季或夏、冬春季流行;2018-2019、2020-2021和2021-2022三个监测年度呈单峰流行,仅有冬春季流行期,时间集中在次年的1~3月;人群ILI阳性病例主要集中在5~14岁年龄段。结论黔南州流感仍呈季节性流行,2017-2018监测年度新甲型H1N1、甲型H3N2、BY和BV四种型别均引起不同程度的流行,且交替共存,2018年3月后BY基本消失,2020-2021和2021-2022两个监测年度以BV为绝对的优势株流行,同时应警惕已经消失两年的甲型H3N2亚型在2022年3月的突然出现可能引起新一轮的流行。中小学生是流感防控的主要人群,应重点关注学校等人群密集场所,推广流感疫苗接种与预防流感的知识宣传,降低流感的发病率。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture from 2017 to 2022,and find out the variation patterns,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza.Methods The pathogenic surveillance data were analyzed that influenzalike illness(ILI)and influenza network laboratory collected and recorded by Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture influenza surveillance sentinel hospital from 2017 to 2022 in the China Influenza Surveillance Information System,and the annual cycle of influenza surveillance was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 5554 ILI throat swab samples were collected in 2017 to 2022,the total positive rate was 12.15%(675),the highest positive rate was Victoria(5.78%),the lowest was Yamagata(0.63%),in 2017 to 2018 and 2019 to 2020,there were two epidemic peaks,with autumn,winter and spring or summer and winter and spring.In 2018 to 2019,2020 to 2021 and 2021 to 2022,there were three epidemic peaks with only winter and spring,the duration of ILI was from January to March of the following year,and the ILI positive cases were mainly in the age group of 5 to 14 years old.Conclusion Influenza is presented seasonal epidemic in Qiannan.In 2017 to 2018,new influenza H1N1,influenza H3N2,influenza BY and influenza BV strains all caused different degrees of epidemics and existed alternately.After March 2018,influenza H1N1,influenza H3N2,influenza BY and influenza BV strains all caused different degrees of epidemics,BV was the dominant strain in the 2020 to 2021 and 2021 to 2022 surveillance years,while the sudden appearance of H3N2 subtype,which had disappeared for two years,in March 2022 should be considered as a possible cause of a new epidemic.Primary and secondary school students are the main crowd of influenza prevention and control,so should pay more attention to schools and other crowded places,and spread the knowledge of influenza vaccination and prevention,so as to reduce the incidence of influenza.
作者
李睿
Li Rui(Qiannan State Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Duyun 558000,Guizhou,China)
出处
《贵州医药》
CAS
2024年第10期1554-1557,共4页
Guizhou Medical Journal
基金
贵州省科技项目黔科合基础基金资助项目(ZK[2023]一般351(202342924776X12190))。
关键词
流感
变异规律
流行病学
流感样病例
Influenza
Law of Variation
Epidemiology
Influenza-like illness
作者简介
通信作者:李睿,E-mail:Yanglinlin1970@163.com。
