摘要
【目的】研究不同砧木沃柑在果实发育过程中的糖酸组分变化,并综合评价果实品质,确定各砧木沃柑的最佳采收期,为沃柑的科学种植和管理提供理论依据。【方法】以枳壳、香橙和酸橘3种砧木沃柑为研究对象,考察其果实在2022年7月—2023年4月生长发育过程中糖酸组分的动态变化规律,并利用主成分分析法对果实品质进行综合评价。【结果】不同砧木沃柑在果实发育过程中的糖酸组分含量有所差异,但整体变化趋势基本一致。随着果实发育成熟,可溶性固形物、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和总可溶性糖含量,以及甜度值、甜酸比、固酸比呈上升趋势;麦芽糖、可滴定酸、柠檬酸和总有机酸含量呈下降趋势;苹果酸含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势;维生素C(Vc)和莽草酸含量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势;苯甲酸和酒石酸含量相对稳定;琥珀酸含量呈现波动变化。各品质指标之间存在一定相关性,其中可溶性固形物、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、总可溶性糖、甜度值、固酸比和甜酸比两两指标间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),可滴定酸、柠檬酸和总有机酸两两指标间也呈极显著正相关。枳壳砧和香橙砧沃柑果实在4月综合品质最佳,酸橘砧沃柑果实在3月综合品质最佳。3种砧木中,11—12月枳壳砧沃柑果实的综合得分最高;1月香橙砧沃柑果实的综合得分最高;2月酸橘砧沃柑果实的综合得分最高;3—4月枳壳砧和酸橘砧沃柑果实的综合得分高于香橙砧沃柑。【结论】3种砧木沃柑在3—4月的综合品质高于1—2月。在广西地区,沃柑12月采收宜选择枳壳砧沃柑,1—2月采收宜选择香橙砧或酸橘砧沃柑,3—4月采收宜选择枳壳砧或酸橘砧沃柑。
【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the changes in sugar and acid components during the fruit development of Orah grafted onto different rootstocks and to comprehensively evaluate the fruit quality to determine the optimal harvest time for each rootstock.The findings would provide theoretical basis for the scientific cultivation and management of Orah.【Method】Orah with Poncirus trifoliate Raf,Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka and C.reticulata Blanco as rootstocks were selected as research subjects to investigate the dynamic changes in sugar,acid,and other fruit components from July 2022 to April 2023,and the fruit quality was comprehensively evaluated using principal component analysis.【Result】The sugar and acid components contents of Orah varied among different rootstocks during fruit development,though the overall trends were consistent.As the fruit developed and matured,contents of soluble solids,sucrose,glucose,fructose,total soluble sugars,as well as sweetness value,sweetness-to-acid ratio and solid-to-acid ratio increased,while contents of maltose,titratable acid,citric acid and total organic acids decreased.Malic acid content initially decreased and then increased,while vitamin C(Vc)and shikimic acid contents first increased and then decreased.Benzoic acid and tartaric acid contents remained relatively stable,while succinic acid content fluctuated.Correlations were observed among various quality indicators.Each two of soluble solids,fructose,glucose,sucrose,total soluble sugars,sweetness value,sweetness-to-acid ratio and solid-to-acid ratio were all extremely significantly positively correlated(P<0.01,the same below),each two of titratable acid,citric acid and total organic acids were extremely significantly positively correlated.Orah with P.trifoliate Raf and C.junos Sieb.ex Tanaka as rootstocks had the best overall quality in April,while Orah with C.reticulata Blanco as rootstock had the best overall quality in March.Among the 3 rootstocks,from November to December,Orah with P.trifoliate Raf as rootstock had the highest comprehensive score;in January,Orah with C.junos Sieb.ex Tanaka as rootstock had the highest comprehensive score;in February,Orah with Citrus reticulata Blanco as rootstock had the highest comprehensive score;and from March to April,Orah with P.trifoliate Raf and C.reticulata Blanco as rootstocks had higher comprehensive score than Orah with C.junos Sieb.ex Tanaka as rootstock.【Conclusion】The overall quality of Orah grafted onto all 3 rootstocks is higher in March and April compared to January and February.In Guangxi,Orah grafted onto P.trifoliate Raf is preferable for harvest in December,Orah grafted onto C.junos Sieb.ex Tanaka or C.reticulata Blanco is preferable for harvest in January or February,and Orah grafted onto P.trifoliate Raf or C.reticulata Blanco is preferable for harvest in March or April.
作者
秦玉燕
罗义灿
邓有展
王运儒
吴凤
张莉娟
单彬
岑舒梦
QIN Yu-yan;LUO Yi-can;DENG You-zhan;WANG Yun-ru;WU Feng;ZHANG Li-juan;SHAN Bin;CEN Shu-meng(Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruits,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China;College of Food and Quality Engineering,Nanning University,Nanning,Guangxi 541699,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期2201-2214,共14页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
广西自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(2021GXNSFBA196006)
国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队建设专项(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-05-03)
中国绿色食品发展中心项目(PJ2023-014)。
关键词
沃柑
砧木
果实发育
可溶性糖
有机酸
品质评价
Orah
rootstock
fruit development
soluble sugars
organic acids
quality evaluation
作者简介
第一作者:秦玉燕(1987-),https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1416-584X,高级工程师,主要从事农产品品质与质量安全研究工作。主持或作为主要成员参与国家农产品质量安全风险评估重大专项子课题“柑橘类水果中农药残留跟踪与安全性评估”、广西重点研发计划项目“广西特色晚熟柑橘质量安全防控关键技术研发与应用示范”、广西自然科学基金项目“不同砧木沃柑果实发育过程中营养品质和香气成分变化规律研究”等科研项目30余项。获广西农业科学院科学技术进步奖二等奖1项,申报国家专利31项,其中授权18项,修订农业行业标准1项,团体标准2项,在《Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》《南方农业学报》《植物营养与肥料学报》《分析试验室》等国内外期刊上发表论文45篇,其中第一作者或通讯作者论文15篇(SCI收录论文1篇)。E-mail:956346090@qq.com;通讯作者:王运儒(1986-),https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6718-0736,高级工程师,主要从事农产品品质与质量安全研究工作,E-mail:wangaa2008@163.com。
