摘要
选择江汉平原稻虾综合种养典型区域湖北省潜江市浩口镇作为研究区,研究单一稻作(RM)、稻虾共作(RCC)、稻虾共生(RCS)3种典型模式稻季氮磷流失特征及其风险。田间原位监测表明,RCS田面水水位显著高于RM和RCC(P<0.001);全生育期田面水总氮(TN)平均浓度表现为RCC[(4.44±6.61)mg/L]>RM[(3.23±5.54)mg/L]>RCS[(2.95±4.71)mg/L],总磷(TP)平均浓度表现为RCC[(0.38±0.46)mg/L]>RCS[(0.37±0.42)mg/L]>RM[(0.22±0.26)mg/L]。RCC、RCS模式TN流失负荷分别是RM模式的1.39、1.19倍,TP流失负荷分别是RM模式的2.19、10.16倍;整体上,稻虾综合种养模式的氮磷流失负荷大于单一稻作。RM、RCC氮磷流失关键期为施肥后1周与降雨的耦合期,RCS氮磷流失关键期为成虾收获排水期。影响RM、RCC、RCS模式氮磷流失的关键影响因素分别是降雨、施肥,降雨、投饵、频繁的人为灌排水,高水位运行、成虾收获期人为排水。
Houkou Twon,Qianjaing City,Hubei Province,a typical area of rice-shrimp integrated farming in Jianghan Plain,was se-lected as the study area to reveal the characteristics and risk of total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)losses in rice season un-der three typical patterns of rice monoculture(RM),rice-crayfish coculture(RCC)and rice-crayfish symbiosis(RCS).The results of the field in situ monitoring indicated that the surface water level in RCS was significantly higher than that of RM and RCC during the whole growth period(P<0.001).Additionally,the average TN concentration was highest in the RCS[(4.44±6.61)mg/L],followed by RM[(3.23±5.54)mg/L]and RCC[(2.95±4.71)mg/L];the average TP concentration was highest in RCC[(0.38±0.46)mg/L],fol-lowed by RCS[(0.37±0.42)mg/L]and RM[(0.22±0.26)mg/L].TN loss loads of RCC and RCS were 1.39 and 1.19 times of RM,re-spectively;and the TP loss loads of RCC and RCS were 2.19,10.16 times of RM.Overall,the loss loads of the rice-crayfish farming patterns were higher than those of the rice monoculture pattern.The critical periods for TN and TP loss in RM and RCC were the cou-pling period of the 1 week after fertilization and the rainfall,and the critical periods in RCS were during the drainage period for shrimp harvesting.In RM,the critical factors affecting the TN/TP loss were rainfall and fertilization;in RCC,the critical factors were rain-fall,shrimp bait use and frequent anthropogenic drainage;in RCS,the water management with high surface water level and the anthro-pogenic drainage during the shrimp harvest were the critical factors.
作者
张怡杰
庄艳华
张沁菁
张亮
张富林
ZHANG Yi-jie;ZHUANG Yan-hua;ZHANG Qin-jing;ZHANG Liang;ZHANG Fu-lin(Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology/Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430077,China;Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation,Hubei/Jianghan Plain-Honghu Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research,Wuhan 430077,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;Qianjiang Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Conservation Scientific Observation and Experiment Station,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qianjaing 433116,Hubei,China)
出处
《湖北农业科学》
2024年第9期28-34,共7页
Hubei Agricultural Sciences
基金
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2021CFA083,2024AFA020)
国家自然科学基金项目(U21A2025)。
关键词
稻虾综合种养模式
农业面源污染
氮磷流失
江汉平原
rice-crayfish farming pattern
agricultural non-point source pollution
nitrogen and phosphorus losses
Jianghan Plain
作者简介
张怡杰(1998-),女,山西临汾人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为面源污染监测与防治,(电话)15934511561(电子信箱)zhangyj@apm.ac.cn;通信作者:庄艳华,研究员,主要从事农业面源污染、流域水环境演变、农田面源与温室气体协同减排研究,(电子信箱)zhuang@apm.ac.cn。
