摘要
光伏切割硅废料——硅泥,因其低成本、二维片状结构和高比容量(4200 mAh·g^(-1))的优势成为300 Wh·kg^(-1)以上高能量密度储能电池核心硅碳负极材料的理想原料之一。然而,硅泥存在成分复杂、粒径较大、导电性差、稳定性低和电化学性能差的问题,需要进行系统改性处理。本文综述了硅泥在锂离子电池中的应用研究进展。首先,分析了硅泥中金属杂质和非金属杂质对电池性能的重要影响。其中金属杂质可通过磁选和酸洗去除,非金属杂质可通过液-液萃取和热处理去除。其次,详细阐述了纯化后硅泥的原始性能和改性方法。通过硅泥纳米化可以抑制其膨胀,其中包括研磨、刻蚀、电热冲击和合金-脱合金等方式;通过直接元素掺杂硅和掺杂硅表面碳层来提高导电性;通过构建惰性层、导电层和一定作用的官能团等表面改性提高稳定性;还可以通过硅碳复合获得稳固的机械支撑和保护。最后,提出了基于硅泥为原料的硅基负极面临的挑战和研发方向,展望了未来发展前景,旨在为硅泥变废为宝提供参考,推动高能量密度锂离子电池快速发展。
Silicon sludge,the photovoltaic cutting silicon waste,has become one of the expected raw materials for the key silicon carbon anode materials used in high energy density batteries above 300 Wh·kg^(-1)due to its low cost,two-dimensional lamellar structure and ultrahigh specific capacity(4200 mAh·g^(-1)).However,silicon sludge requires systematic modification because of its challenges such as complex composition,large particle size,poor electrical conductivity,low stability and poor electrochemical performance.This paper systematically reviews the application status and research progress of silicon sludge in lithium-ion batteries.Firstly,the important effects of metal and non-metal impurities on battery performance are summarized,in which metal impurities are normally removed by magnetic separation and acid pickling,and non-metallic impurities are removed by liquid-liquid extraction and heat treatment.Secondly,detailed elucidation about the initial performance and modification methods of the silicon sludge is provided.Concretely,silicon sludge can be nano-sized to reduce expansion by grinding,etching,electrothermal shock,and alloy dealloying,enhance electrical conductivity through doping the intrinsic silicon and doping the carbon layer on the silicon surface,improve stability through the construction of inert layer,conductive layer and functional group,and obtain mechanical support and protection through silicon-carbon composite.Finally,the challenges,development directions and future prospects of silicon-based anode based on silicon sludge are put forward,aiming to provide a reference for converting silicon sludge into treasure and promote the rapid development of high energy density lithium-ion batteries.
作者
刘鹏东
王桢
刘永锋
温广武
LIU Pengdong;WANG Zhen;LIU Yongfeng;WEN Guangwu(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China;Postdoctoral Research Workstation of Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310000,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310000,China;Shandong Si-Nano Materials Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zibo 255000,China)
出处
《无机材料学报》
SCIE
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第9期992-1004,共13页
Journal of Inorganic Materials
基金
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022QE244)
山东省泰山产业领军项目(tscy20230621)。
关键词
硅泥
光伏切割硅废料
废硅粉
硅碳复合
二维硅
锂离子电池
综述
silicon sludge
photovoltaic cutting silicon waste
silicon powder waste
silicon carbon composite
two-dimensional silicon
lithium-ion battery
review
作者简介
刘鹏东(1999-),男,硕士研究生.E-mail:liupengdong_077@163.com;通信作者:温广武,教授.E-mail:wengw@sdut.edu.cn。
