摘要
运用灾害等级法、数理统计法、小波分析法等对清代陕西秦岭以北地区的霜雪灾害等级、时空分布、周期性及致灾因子进行研究。结果表明:(1)陕西秦岭以北地区清代(1644—1911年)268年内共发生霜雪灾害97次,1644—1703年和1864—1911年为高频期,1704—1783年和1784—1863年为较低频期,且存在3年、7年、11年、28年的准周期。(2)霜雪灾害频次和等级存在季节性特征。霜灾在春秋两季最为频繁,雪灾在冬春季节发生最多,冻灾几乎仅在冬季发生。中度等级灾害多发生于春秋两季,重度等级灾害常发生于秋冬之际。(3)霜雪灾害的强弱与频次在空间上有较好一致性,多集中于陕北黄土高原北部和西北部以及关中盆地东南部。(4)霜雪灾害发生高频期对应气候更为寒冷干燥。冬季风强度是决定霜雪灾害发生的直接因素。(5)小冰期气候在清代最突出的特点是在较暖或炎热月份发生降温达15~20℃的灾难性降温事件,并导致灾难性天气过程。(6)清代陕西秦岭以北地区发生两次极端寒冷气候事件,分别在1662—1692年和1861—1900年,后者指示清代气温最低的时期。
Using disaster level method,mathematical statistics method,wavelet analysis method to study the frost and snow disaster level,spatiotemporal distribution,periodicity,and disaster causing factors in the North of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province during the Qing Dynasty.The results show that:(1)A total of 97 frost and snow disasters occurred in the North of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province during the 268 years of the Qing Dynasty,with 1644—1703 and 1864—1911 being the high-frequency periods,1704—1783 and 1784—1863 being the relatively low-frequency periods,and there were quasi cycles of 3 a,7 a,11 a and 28 a.(2)The frequency and level of frost and snow disasters have seasonal characteristics.Frost disasters are most frequent in spring and autumn,snow disasters occur most frequently in winter and spring,and frost disasters are almost exclusively in winter.Moderate level disasters often occur in spring and autumn,while severe level disasters often occur during autumn and winter.(3)The strength and frequency of frost and snow disasters have good spatial consistency,mainly concentrated in the northwest of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi and the southeast of the Guanzhong Basin.(4)The high-frequency period of frost and snow disasters corresponds to a colder and drier climate.The intensity of winter winds is the direct factor determining the occurrence of frost and snow disasters.(5)The most prominent feature of the Little Ice Age climate in the Qing Dynasty was the catastrophic cooling event that occurred in warmer or hotter months,with temperatures dropping by about 15~20℃,leading to catastrophic weather processes.(6)During the Qing Dynasty,two extreme cold weather events occurred in the north of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province,between 1662—1692 and 1861—1900,respectively.The latter indicated the period of the lowest temperature in the Qing Dynasty.
作者
李嘉宁
岳大鹏
赵景波
杨天宇
LI Jianing;YUE Dapeng;ZHAO Jingbo;YANG Tianyu(School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China;Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710061,China;State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710061,China)
出处
《地域研究与开发》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第4期174-180,共7页
Areal Research and Development
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(42130507)
国家重点实验室项目(SKLLQG2106,SKLLQG2013)。
关键词
清代
霜雪灾害
时空变化
寒冷气候事件
陕西秦岭以北地区
Qing Dynasty
frost and snow disaster
spatial-temporal change
cold climate events
North of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province
作者简介
李嘉宁(1999-),女,辽宁营口市人,硕士研究生,主要从事干旱区环境演变研究,(E-mail)ljn18342236496@163.com;通信作者:岳大鹏(1964-),男,陕西兴平市人,教授,博士,主要从事综合自然地理与土地科学方面的研究,(E-mail)yuedp@snnu.edu.cn。
