摘要
近年来,受政治极化和身份认同碎片化影响,特别是美墨边境危机、药物滥用危机、新冠疫情等非传统安全事件冲击,美国的移民治理在理论层面越来越围绕移民—安全联结是否真实存在及其如何作用于国家安全等根本性争论展开。因特朗普、拜登的移民改革方案在“泛安全化”与“去安全化”之间游移,美国的移民治理遭到排外立场反向倒逼,走上高速安全化之路。后“9·11”时代,国家因移民而生的安全风险日益升级且内容庞杂。以风险等级较高的美墨边境为例,尽管美国社会各界对以移民改革谋求国家安全不乏共识,但在需要维护的安全主体、区域和目标等方面存在尖锐分歧,导致其诸多移民治理措施相互制约。为达成捍卫国家安全之目标,美国政府只有力避泛安全化操作,在移民—安全联结中嵌入“发展”环节,矫正有关移民安全威胁的认知偏差,才能更好地维护边境与国家安全。
In recent years, due to the influence of political polarization and identity fragmentation, especially non-traditional security incidents such as the US–Mexico border crisis, the drug abuse crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic, immigration governance in the United States has, at the theoretical level, increasingly centered on such fundamental debates as whether the immigration–security nexus really exists and, if yes, how it affects national security. With the immigration reform plans of Donald Trump and Joe Biden vacillating between “pan-securitization” and “de-securitization,” immigration governance in the United States has embarked on a path of rapid securitization amidst rising xenophobia. In the post-9/11 era, national security risks arising from migration flows are on the rise, involving complicated issues. Take the US–Mexico border, which is widely deemed highly risky, for example: despite the consensus among the various sectors of American society on pursuing national security through immigration reform, sharp differences persist as regards the security subjects, regions, and objectives that need to be protected. Consequently, many immigration governance measures in the United States are in fact mutually restrictive. To achieve its national security goals, the US government should avoid pan-securitization and add “development” to the immigration–security nexus, which will help correct the cognitive bias concerning so-called immigration-induced security threats and better preserve America's border and national security.
出处
《国家安全研究》
2024年第4期88-108,158,159,共23页
China security studies
基金
中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划(项目号:DF2023YS49)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
美国移民治理
美国国家安全
安全化
移民—安全联结
Us immigration governance
US national security
securitization
immigration-security nexus
作者简介
王聪悦,中国社会科学院大学国际政治经济学院副教授、中国社会科学院美国研究所副研究员,主要研究美国移民与族裔政策、社会思潮与社会运动。
