摘要
酶是由活细胞产生的、对其底物具有高度特异性和高度催化效能的蛋白质或核糖核酸。酶作为一种优秀的生物催化剂,具有高专一性、反应条件温和、绿色环保等优点。然而天然酶存在稳定性差、活性低等问题,因此对酶的改造显得尤为重要。本文回顾了定向进化、理性及半理性设计等传统的发展较为成熟的酶分子改造技术;同时,简述了机器学习在扩展酶改造设计技术上新的可能性;并简要介绍了酶在医药领域中的应用,主要包括药物制备、生化分析和疾病诊断与治疗;希望能为酶的改造及应用提供更广阔的视野。
Enzymes,proteins or ribonucleic acids,produced by living cells,exhibit high substrate specificity and catalytic activity.As excellent biocatalysts,they offer advantages such as high specificity,mild reaction conditions,and environmental friendliness.However,natural enzymes suffer from poor stability and low activity levels,so the modification of enzymes is particularly important.This paper reviews traditional and well-developed enzyme molecular modification techniques,including directed evolution,rational and semirational design.Meanwhile,machine learning offers new possibilities in expanding enzyme modification techniques.Furthermore,this paper also provides a brief overview about the application of enzymes in medical field including drug production,biochemical analysis,disease diagnosis and treatment.This review is hoped to improve the vision of enzyme molecular modification and its application.
作者
毛杨
杜怡萱
高向东
MAO Yang;DU Yixuan;GAO Xiangdong(School of Life Science and Technology,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 210000,China)
出处
《生命的化学》
CAS
2024年第7期1240-1248,共9页
Chemistry of Life
关键词
酶
定向进化
理性设计
半理性设计
机器学习
医药应用
enzyme
directed evolution
rational design
semi-rational design
machine learning
medical application
作者简介
第一作者:毛杨,E-mail:18695035466@163.com;通信作者:高向东,中国药科大学教授,博士生导师,国务院学位委员会第六届、第七届学科评议组药学组成员,教育部高等学校生物技术、生物工程类专业教学指导委员会委员等。主要研究方向为生物新药研制和衰老的分子生物学研究,主持国家自然科学基金、国家863项目、国家重大新药创制等国家及省部级课题30余项,实现成果转化3项,获新药临床批件2项。E-mail:xdgao@cpu.edu.cn。
