摘要
2022年5月,在石家庄市农林科学研究院的颠茄试验田中发生了一种由颠茄茎基部腐烂引起整株死亡的新病害。为有效了解和防治该病害,本研究针对该病害开展了病原分离鉴定、病原生物学特性研究和防治药剂室内筛选试验。通过形态特征鉴定和rDNA-ITS序列分析以及柯赫氏法则回接试验,将该病害鉴定为由瓜果腐霉(Pythium aphanidermatum(Eds)Fitzp.)引起的颠茄茎基腐病,为国内首次报道。生物学特性研究表明,该病原菌菌丝生长、孢子囊产生、卵孢子形成的最适温度分别为35℃、25~35℃和35℃;最适pH分别为7.0~9.0、7.0~8.0和10.0;同时明确了其最适光照条件和培养基;瓜果腐霉菌丝生长和孢子囊产生的最适碳源分别为可溶性淀粉和葡萄糖,最适氮源分别为硝酸铵和脲。选用9种常用化学杀菌剂和1种微生物杀菌剂对P.aphanidermatum进行室内毒力测定,结果表明:35%精甲霜灵FS、250g·L^(-1)嘧菌酯SC、98%噁霉灵SP和100g·L^(-1)氰霜唑SC对瓜果腐霉菌丝的生长具有较明显的抑制作用,EC50值分别为1.619、2.069、37.463和49.484μg·mL^(-1),为指导生产上颠茄茎基腐病合理用药提供了一定的理论依据。
The basal stem rot disease of belladonna(Atropa belladonna)occurred severely in the experimental farm of Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences in May 2022.In order to effectively control the disease,identification,biological characteristics of the pathogen as well as disease control were carried out.The pathogen isolates causing belladonna basal stem rot disease was identified as Pythium aphanidermatum based on the morphological characteristics,rDNA-ITS sequence analysis and Koch's postulates testing.To our knowledge,the new disease is the first report in China.The optimum temperatures of mycelium growth,sporangium production and oospore formation were 35℃,25-35℃and 35℃,the optimum pH values were 7.0-9.0,7.0-8.0 and 10.0,respectively.In addition,the optimum light condition and growth medium for culturing P.aphanider-matum were determined.The most suitable carbon sources of mycelium growth and sporangium production were soluble starch and glucose,and the most suitable nitrogen sources were ammonium nitrate and urea.Toxicity of nine chemical fungicides and one biological fungicide on mycelium growth of P.aphanidermatum were evaluated in the laboratory condition.The results showed that 35%metalaxyl-M FS,250 g·L^(-1)azoxystrobin SC,98%hymexazol SP and 100 g·L^(-1)cyazofamid SC had strong inhibition abilities against the pathogen with ECso of 1.619,2.069,37.463 and 49.484μg·mL^(-1),respectively.All the work mentioned above provided a basic knowledge for rational control of belladonna basal stem rot.
作者
鹿秀云
商俊燕
高驰
苏振贺
王莹
张晓云
郭庆港
李社增
马平
LU Xiuyun;SHANG Junyan;GAO Chi;SU Zhenhe;WANG Ying;ZHANG Xiaoyun;GUO Qinggang;LI Shezeng;MA Ping(Institute of Plant Protection,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,IPM Innovation Centre of Hebei Province,Baoding 071000,China;Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050048,China)
出处
《植物病理学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期702-712,共11页
Acta Phytopathologica Sinica
基金
河北省农林科学院科技创新专项(2022KJCXZX-ZBS-1)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系(HBCT2023070201)
河北省第四批高端人才发展规划项目。
关键词
颠茄
茎基腐病
病原菌鉴定
瓜果腐霉
生物学特性
毒力测定
belladonna
basal stem rot
pathogen identification
Pythium aphanidermatum
biological characteristic
toxicity measurement
作者简介
第一作者:鹿秀云,硕士,研究员,主要从事植物病害生物防治研究,E-mail:luxiuyun03@163.com;通信作者:马平,博士,博士生导师,研究员,主要从事植物病害生物防治研究,E-mail:pingma88@126.com。
