摘要
奏议起源于先秦的朝堂议政,是臣僚向君王谢恩、陈请、议政、进谏的文书。在汉代“以文御国”的背景下,出于行政需要,文质兼备的奏议章表应运勃兴。奏议文书往往“因事而发”,蕴含着非凡的政治智慧,具有政治实用性;其内容、格式、书写等具有固定的套语格式和鲜明的制度化特征。其文本对特定称谓和程序化语言的运用,表明其书写形态的法定性。传世汉代奏议多出自史书载录,大多曾经史家“裁剪”,“过滤”了其书写形态运用视觉修辞的诸多“细节”,有碍于一窥奏议之“全豹”。借助西北汉简实物,可直观奏议文本特定称谓与程序化语言及其书写借助字体大小、隶草变化、笔划夸饰等书写视觉效果变化,突出奏议文本物化形态的视觉修辞策略,借以强调文本书写与礼制的内在联系。
Memorials,originating from the pre-Qin dynasty court politics,served as documents through which officials expressed gratitude,made requests,discussed policies,and offered remonstrance to the ruler.In the Han Dynasty,under the principle of“governing the country with literature”,memorials that were both eloquently written and substantively effective flourished in response to the governance demands.Typically prompted by specific matters,these documents embodied remarkable political wisdom and practicality.Their content,format,and script adhered to fixed rules and exhibited distinct institutional characteristics.The use of specific titles and formulaic language in these texts underscores the legality of their writing forms.Most extant Han Dynasty memorials,derived from historical records,have been“trimmed”or“filtered”by historians,losing many details of their visual rhetoric in writing.Through examining Han slips unearthed in the northwest,we can directly observe the visual aspects of memorial texts,including specific titles and the use of formulaic language,as well as changes in writing such as variations in font size,transitions from clerical to cursive script,and stroke embellishments.These visual changes emphasize the rhetorical strategies of the memorials’physical form,thereby highlighting the intrinsic link between the manner of writing and the ritual system.
作者
韩高年
王敬博
HAN Gaonian;WANG Jingbo(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070)
出处
《中国文学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第3期42-52,共11页
Research of Chinese Literature
基金
国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“早期书写与商周秦汉文学关系史研究”(22&ZD260)
国家“万人计划”哲学社会科学领军人才项目“陇右简牍文献分类整理与研究”
甘肃省“拔尖领军人才”项目。
关键词
汉简
汉代奏议
书写形态
视觉修辞策略
Han slips
Han Dynasty memorials
writing forms
visual rhetoric strategies
作者简介
韩高年,文学博士,西北师范大学文学院教授,博士研究生导师;王敬博,西北师范大学文学院博士研究生。
