摘要
为调查我国木耳(Auricularia spp.)主产区栽培中双翅目虫害种类,筛选适宜的高效低毒杀虫剂,对8个不同地区黑木耳(A.auricula)、毛木耳(A.cornea)和玉木耳(A.cornea,white variety)的虫样进行采集,采用形态特征与线粒体CO I基因片段序列比对相结合的方法进行分类鉴定。从采集的14种双翅目虫样中,鉴定出5科9种危害木耳的昆虫,其中眼蕈蚊科种类最多,为害范围最广;异迟眼蕈蚊是木耳栽培中需要重点关注和防治的种群。采用药液浸渍法测定8种杀虫剂对异迟眼蕈蚊的室内毒力,25%噻虫嗪可湿性粉剂对异迟眼蕈蚊的杀虫效果最好,LC_(50)为15.122 mg·L^(-1);其次为10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂和10%烯啶虫胺水剂,其LC_(50)分别为28.488、29.131 mg·L^(-1)。采用喷雾法测定8种杀虫剂对毛木耳产量的影响,从前三潮总产量比较发现,2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂[1/500:(2096.00±29.26)g,1/1000:(1878.00±4.36)g]产量最高且显著高于所有处理,其次为25%噻虫嗪可湿性粉剂和0.5%苦参碱水剂。建议在毛木耳栽培中高效氯氟氰菊酯、噻虫嗪和苦参碱三类杀虫剂轮换使用。
To investigate Diptera insect pest species in the major Auricularia spp.cultivation areas in China and screen high efficiency insecticides,Diptera insect samples were collected from eight different A.auricular and A.cornea cultivation areas,and then identified based on both morphological characteristics and phylogeny of mitochondrial CO I gene.The results showed that 14 Diptera samples were collected,and 9 species of insects belonging to 5 families were identified.Among them,Sciaridae insects ranked the top 1 in number of Auricularia spp.insect pest species and damage range;Bradysia impatiens needs close attention and control in Auricularia cultivation.Eight kinds of insecticides were then determined for laboratory toxicity against B.impatiens by the liquid immersion method.Thiamethoxam at 25%WP showed the best insecticidal effect on B.impatiens with an LC50 value of 15.122 mg·L^(-1).The next two high efficiency insecticides were 10%imidacloprid WP and 10%nitenpyram AS,with LC50 values of 28.488 and 29.131 mg·L^(-1),respectively.The eight insecticides were also sprayed onto A.cornea and evaluated for their effect on yield.Based on the total yield of the first three tides,spraying 2.5%λ-cyhalothrin ME resulted in the highest yield[(096.00±29.26)g at 1/500,and(1878.00±4.36)g at 1/1000].The overall first three tide yields of 25%thiamethoxam WP and 0.5%sophocarpidine AS were next to that of 2.5%λ-cyhalothrin ME.In conclusion,λ-cyhalothrin,thiamethoxam and sophocarpidine can be used in turn for A.cornea cultivation.
作者
程萱
曲绍轩
林金盛
李辉平
周爱珠
顾鲁同
马林
CHENG Xuan;QU Shaoxuan;LIN Jinsheng;LI Huiping;ZHOU Aizhu;GU Lutong;MA Lin(Vegetable Research Institute,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China;Qujiang District Agricultural Characteristic Industry Development Center,Quzhou 324022,Zhejiang,China;Jiangsu Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Nanjing 210036,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《食用菌学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期119-126,共8页
Acta Edulis Fungi
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-20)
江苏省现代农业(蔬菜)产业技术体系(JATS[2022]357和JATS[2023]320)。
关键词
木耳
双翅目虫害
调查
眼蕈蚊
杀虫剂
Auricularia
Diptera insect pests
investigation
Sciaridae
insecticide
作者简介
程萱(1981—),女,学士,高级农艺师,主要从事食用菌栽培方面的研究;通信作者:顾鲁同,E-mail:1759697765@qq.com;通信作者:马林,E-mail:malin1590@sina.com。
