摘要
清代中晚期是朱子学趋于势微、日渐羸弱的时期,以李元春为代表的朱子学者以道自担,奋力自救,力图从卫朱子之道、辨心学之偏和斥考据学之僻三个维度展开对朱子学的拯救,呈现尊朱而不佞朱、谴取心学和考据学的学术取向,并仰赖其在中晚清朱子学营垒中的学术地位,相应地涵具了重要的学术史意义:一是提振了朱子学的地位,推动学术思潮由汉学独大向汉宋(朱子学)兼采转进;二是促使关中地区成为中晚清朱子学研究的重镇;三是力促关学的学术形态由崇尚阳明学向尊奉朱子学转进。以李元春这一典范学者为切入口,不仅可以具体而微地呈现清代中晚期朱子学的学术样态,更可以弥缝以往学界研究的缺漏之处,进一步完善清代朱子学演进、发展的学术图谱,从而呼应和落实“明清朱子学将是宋明理学研究的新增长点”的学术主张。
In the middle and late Qing Dynasty,Zhuzi School,or School of Zhu Xi Studies,was on the wane and becoming increasingly weak.At that time,those who identified themselves with Zhuzi School generally carried out self-rescue along two paths:One was to associate themselves with the School of“Jing”(the neo-Confucian school emphasizing reverence).They regarded Zhu Xi Studies as the orthodox learning and adhered to and advocated the profound and subtle theories of the Zhuzi School.The other was the School of Statecraft.They“advocated the learning of statecraft and pragmatism,and solved the problems in the real society in a down-to-earth manner,with an obvious political and practical tendency”.At present,the academic circle is confined to the situation that Zhuzi School was more prosperous in the south than in the north.The overall attention and research on the Zhuzi School in the north are insufficient,which makes it difficult to present the academic features of Zhuzi School in the middle and late Qing Dynasty comprehensively.In this background,this paper chooses Li Yuanchun,a Zhu Xi Studies scholar in the Guanzhong region,a major research center of Zhuzi School in the north,as the research object,and aims to vividly reveal how the Zhuzi scholars in the north,especially the School of“Jing”,carried out self-rescue for Zhuzi School in the middle and late Qing Dynasty.Thus,it not only presents the academic patterns of Zhuzi School in the middle and late Qing Dynasty in detail,but also fills the gaps in the previous academic research and further improves the academic map of the evolution and development of Zhuzi School in the middle and late Qing period.As a model of Zhu Xi Studies scholars in the north,Li Yuanchun took it upon himself to rescue Zhuzi School.First of all,starting from the four aspects of the theoretical core of Zhuzi School,namely li qi(the principle of order and vital force),xin xing(mind and nature),and gong fu(effort)and zhi xing(knowledge and practice),he affirmed and supported Zhu Xi s academic propositions with a few innovations and inventions.Secondly,he analyzed Yangming School of Mind,which endangered Zhuzi School.He opposed the view that regarded Yangming School of Xin(mind)as a heretical learning.At the same time,he affirmed Wang Yangming s theory of liangzhi(conscience),but strongly refuted his ideas of gewu(investigation of things),and of“wu shan wu e xin zhi ti”(the mind has no nature of goodness or badness),etc.There were both objective aspect of understanding and misinterpretation and misjudgment.Finally,he also criticized textual research,which was popular at that time,although he believed that textual research itself had its merits and therefore,he adopted the learning of both the Han and Song Dynasties from the position of Song Learning.Li Yuanchun carried out self-rescue from both internal and external aspects in three dimensions,showing the academic traits that respect but not fawn on Zhu Xi,condemning and absorbing Xin and Qianjia schools.As he was a prominent scholar in the Zhuzi School camp in the middle and late Qing period,his efforts were significant in several aspects.The first is that they helped revitalize the status of Zhu Xi Studies and promote the academic trend from Han studies to Han and Song(Zhu Xi studies).Secondly,he helped turn Guanzhong area into a major town of Zhu Xi Studies of his time.To this end,taking Li Yuanchun as an example,we can concretely present the academic pattern of Zhu Xi Studies in the mid-to-late Qing period,and moreover,we can bridge the gaps of previous studies and further outline the academic map of the evolution and development of Zhu Xi Studies in the Qing Dynasty,so as to echo and implement the academic proposition that“research on Zhuzi school of Ming and Qing Dynasties will be the new growth point of neo-Confucianism study of Song and Ming Dynasties”.
出处
《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第4期90-98,212,213,共11页
Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“关中朱子学研究”(23AZX011)。
关键词
李元春
清代中晚期
朱子学
阳明学
考据学
Li Yuanchun
Middle and late Qing
Zhu Xi Studies
Wang Yangming Studies
Textual reseach
作者简介
李敬峰,陕西师范大学哲学学院教授(西安710119)。
