摘要
Rechargeable Mg batteries(RMBs)have become one of the best subsitutes for lithium-ion batteries due to the high volumetric capacity,abundant resources,and uniform plating behavior of Mg metal anode.However,the safety hazard induced by the formation of high-modulue Mg dendrites under a high current density(10 mA cm^(-1))was still revealed in recent years.It has forced researchers to re-examine the safety of RMBs.In this review,the intrinsic safety factors of key components in RMBs,such as uneven plating,pitting and flammability of Mg anode,heat release and crystalline water decomposition of cathode,strong corrosion,low oxidition stability and flammability of electrolytes,and soforth,are systematacially summarized.Their origins,formation mechanisms,and possible safety hazards are deeply discussed.To develop high-performance Mg anode,current strategies including designing artificial SEI,three-dimensional substrates,and Mg alloys are summarized.For practical electrolytes,the configurations of boron-centered anions and simple Mg salts and the functionalized solvent with high boiling point and low flammability are suggested to comprehensively design.In addition,the future study should more focus on the investigation on the thermal runaway and decomposition of cathode materials and separa-tors.This review aims to provide fundamental insights into the relationship between electrochemistry and safety,further promoting the sustainable development of RMBs.
基金
supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3809500)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U23A20555,52202211)
the Ninth Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001)
the Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Project(No.CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0028).
作者简介
Corresponding authors:Shuangshuang Tan,E-mail addresses:tss@cqu.edu.cn(S.Tan).Shuangshuang Tan received his Ph.D.in Material Science and 120 papers in peer-reviewed journals and filled 17 patents in materials for batteries.His current research interests include rechargeable lithium/sodium/magnesium batteries,all-solid-state batteries and their interface engineering.Engineering from Wuhan University of Technology in 2021.He is currently an assistant researcher at the College of Materials Science and Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys in Chongqing University.He has published over 70 papers,authorized 6 national invent patents.His current research focuses on energy storage materials and devices,magnesium battery electrode materials and electrolytes;Corresponding authors:Chaohe Xu,xche@cqu.edu.cn(C.Xu).Chaohe Xu is now a professor at the College of Aerospace Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys in Chongqing University.He received BS degree in Materials Science and Engineering from Tianjin University in 2007,and PhD degree in Materials Physics and Chemistry from Shanghai Institute of Ceramics,Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2012.In 2013-2015,he worked as a postdoctoral research fellow at Department of Chemical and Molecular Biological Engineering,National University of Singapore.Then,hemoved to Chongqing University as an assistantprofessorin 2015-2021.Hehaspublished over 120 papers in peer-reviewed journals and filled 17 patents in materials for batteries.His current research interests include rechargeable lithium/sodium/magnesium batteries,all-solid-state batteries and their interface engineering;Jie Xu is a PhD candidate at Chongqing University.Her current research interests mostly focus on the rational design and synthesis of functional nanomaterials for advancedrechargeableMgbatteries;Rongrui Deng received his Master degree in College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering from Chongqing University in 2020.At present,he is pursuing his Doctorate of College of Materials Science and Engineering in Chongqing University.His research focuses on the development ofcathode materials for multivalentmetal batteries,andelectrocatalysis;Qiannan Zhao received her B.S.degree in School of Materials Scienceand Engineering from Wuhan University of Technology.She received her Ph.D.degree from Chongqing University in 2023,under the supervision of Prof.Chaohe Xu.Now,sheis a postdoctoral research fellow at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST).Her research is mainly focused on high performance Metal-Sulfur batteries such as Li-s batteries and Mg-Sbatteries;Guangsheng Huang is a professor at the College of Materials Science and Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys in Chongqing University.He received PhD degree in Materials Processing Engineering from Chongqing University in 2003.After,he worked for Chongqing University as a lecturer,then,promoted to associate professor in2005and full professor in 2009.Hehas published over 250 papers,authorized 21 national invent patents and 8 scientific encouragements.His current research interests include plastic forming theory and technology of magnesium alloy and rechargeable magnesium batteries;Jingfeng Wang is a professor at the College of Materials Science and Engineering and National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys in Chongqing University.He received Physics Bachelor degree from WuhanUniversity in1989,andMaterials Doctordegree from Huazhong University of Scienceand Technology in 2004.After,he moved to Chongqing University as an assistant professor,then,promoted toassociateprofessor in 2006and full professor in 2009.Hehas publishedover220papers,authorized54national invent patents and 7 scientific encouragements.His current research interests include structural and functional integration of magnesium alloy,and rechargeable magnesium batteries;Fusheng Pan is an Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering,professor in Chongqing University.He received his Doctors'degree in Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern Polytechnical University in 1995.Prof.Pan also studied and/or worked in Oxford University,Stuttgart University,Chiba University,University of California,Queen Mary,andUniversity of Queensland.He isa foreign member of Academyof Mining Sciences in Russia,member of Asian Pacific Academy of Materials.Heserves as directorof National Engineering Research CenterforMagnesiumAlloys.He specializes in the research and development of magnesium alloys,magnesium matrix composites and magnesium-based functional materials。
