摘要
随着新能源电动汽车市场的高速发展,产生了大量亟待处置的废旧锂离子电池。废旧锂离子电池正极材料中的有价金属含量丰富,具有巨大的回收价值,但回收过程中也会产生潜在的二次污染,对生态环境和作业工人产生危害。本文根据废旧锂离子电池的组成和结构,深入分析了正极材料有价金属在预处理、回收和再生三个环节中的转化历程和机制,讨论了杂质元素的干扰和响应对策。重点分析了预处理过程中电解质、有机黏结剂以及集流体铝箔对正极材料分离的影响,探讨了正极材料有价金属在回收和再生过程中的反应机制,包括传统的火法、湿法回收和新兴的再生工艺,从回收效率、能/物耗、环境影响等多个角度总结了工艺的特点。最后,对废旧锂离子电池正极材料资源化利用的发展方向和前景进行了展望。本文旨在为正极材料有价金属的高效资源化利用方法提供研究思路和选择依据。
With the rapid development of the new energy electric vehicle industry,a significant volume of spent lithium-ion batteries require safe disposal.The valuable metals in the cathode materials of these batteries can be recycled and reused due to their intrinsic value.Nevertheless,the potential secondary pollution affecting the environment and workers'health during the recycling process warrants attention.This study details the transformation process and mechanism of valuable metals during the three stages of pretreatment,recycling,and regeneration,with a focus on the composition and structure of spent lithium-ion batteries.The effects of impurity elements on the recycling of valuable metals and the corresponding modification methods are discussed.Initially,the impact of the electrolyte,organic binder,and collector aluminum foil on the separation of cathode materials in the pretreatment stage is elucidated.Subsequently,the reaction mechanisms of valuable metals and influencing factors are examined through methods such as pyrometallurgy,hydrometallurgy,and regeneration.The characteristics of these methods are summarized from the perspectives of recycling efficiency,energy and material consumption,and environmental impact.Lastly,this study reviews the development and prospects of the recycling techniques for valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries,aiming to provide a scientific basis and methodological reference for the efficient recycling and utilization of these metals.
作者
张玉超
张凤姣
娄伟
昝飞翔
王琳玲
盛安旭
吴晓辉
陈静
ZHANG Yuchao;ZHANG Fengjiao;LOU Wei;ZAN Feixiang;WANG Linling;SHENG Anxu;WU Xiaohui;CHEN Jing(Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin,School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Resource Recovery and Safe Disposal of Industrial Solid Waste,Changsha 410032,Hunan,China)
出处
《储能科学与技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期1861-1870,共10页
Energy Storage Science and Technology
关键词
废旧锂离子电池
资源化
有价金属
反应机制
环境影响
spent lithium-ion batteries
resource
valuable metals
reaction mechanisms
environmental impact
作者简介
第一作者:张玉超(2000-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为废旧锂离子电池回收,E-mail:zhangyuchao@hust.edu.cn;通信作者:陈静,教授,研究方向为土壤和地下水修复、固废安全处置与资源化,E-mail:chenjing@hust.edu.cn。
