摘要
【目的】探索巨玫瑰葡萄不同物候期日灼敏感差异的生理机制及不同日灼进程的果实形态学与相关组分变化。【方法】以一年两收栽培巨玫瑰葡萄夏果和冬果两个生长季各物候期的果实为试材,采用强光高温加热灯对果实进行人工诱导日灼处理,测定其发生日灼时的表面阈值温度和诱导一定时间后的日灼发生率,确定巨玫瑰葡萄不同物候期的日灼敏感性。观察和测定不同日灼敏感物候期的葡萄果实正常果以及不同日灼进程果实的解剖结构、总酚含量及矿质元素含量。【结果】一年两收栽培下巨玫瑰葡萄的夏果与冬果日灼较敏感的物候期均为E-L 31-32时期,相同人工诱导时间处理后冬果的日灼发生率显著低于夏果。日灼不敏感期(E-L 36)较日灼敏感期(E-L 31-32)的果实表皮细胞更大、角质层更平滑、排列更紧密整齐、淀粉粒更少。同时,日灼不敏感物候期中K、Ca、Mg元素含量均显著高于日灼敏感物候期,而总酚含量显著低于日灼敏感物候期,冬果中K、Ca元素含量显著高于夏果,而N、P元素含量显著低于夏果。在人工诱导果实日灼进程中,重度日灼果中N、P、K、Ca和Mg元素的含量均显著高于正常果。【结论】巨玫瑰葡萄在两收栽培模式下,夏果和冬果对日灼较敏感时期均为E-L 31-32时期,且冬果在一定程度上日灼敏感性低于夏果。巨玫瑰葡萄在不同物候期对日灼的敏感性也存在差异,这与果实解剖结构的蜡质层和表皮细胞壁特性、果实中的总酚含量有关,同时,日灼敏感性也与果实中K、Ca元素含量呈负相关,与N、P元素含量呈正相关。因此,在生产上预防巨玫瑰葡萄日灼可考虑在其日灼敏感物候期(E-L 31-32)前增施K、Ca肥。
【Objective】Sunburn occurs in the vineyard as the result of a combination of high-light intensities,high temperature and UV radiation.Grape sunburn causes brown spots on the surface of the fruits,and the fruits shrink and wilt,which greatly reduces the quality and yield of the fruits and affects the economic income.Under the climatic conditions of high temperature and strong light in Guangxi,some grape varieties under the two-harvest-a-year cultivation mode have serious sunburn phenomenons.Here,in order to enrich the mechanism of grape sunburn and provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of the sunburn in production,we explored the differences in sunburn sensitivity and sunburn process between summer and winter fruits of Jumeigui grape under two-harvest cultivation modes.【Methods】From April to December 2022,in the grape planting base of Guangxi Zhencheng Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi,the berries of Jumeigui grape in different phenological periods of summer fruit and winter fruit under two-harvest-a-year cultivation modes were used as test materials.The sunburn of Jumeigui grapes in each phenological period was artificially induced by high-light and high-temperature heating lamp.The sunburn induction was stopped when the corresponding sunburn traits occurred on the berries.For each sampling phenological period,the threshold temperature on the surface of Jumeigui grapes was determined when the sunburn occurred and the incidence of sunburn berries was calculated after induction for a certain period of time.By comparing the incidence of the sunburn berries and the threshold temperature of sunburn,the typical sunburn sensitive and insensitive phenological periods of Jumeigui were determined.In the typical sunburn sensitive and insensitive phenological periods of the summer and winter fruits of Jumeigui,the paraffin section method was used to make sections and hematoxylin staining was used to study the anatomical structure of the berries during the different sunburn processes,namely“Normal berries”,“Berries under sunburn induction for 6 min”,“Light sunburn berries”and“Severe sunburn berries”.Meanwhile,the content of total phenols in the fruits was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method,and the results were expressed as gallic acid equivalent(GAE),the content of N in the fruits was determined by flow analyzer,and the content of P,K,Ca and Mg was determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer.The difference significance analysis and basic trait discussion were carried out for the above indicators.【Results】The more sensitive phenological period of sunburn both for the summer fruits and winter fruits of Jumeigui grape under two-harvest-a-year cultivation were E-L 31-32 period,and the threshold temperature of sunburn was about 41.1℃.The incidence of the sunburn berries in the winter fruits was significantly lower than that in the summer fruits after the same artificial sunburn induction time.In the anatomical structure of the fruits,compared with the sunburn sensitive period(E-L 31-32),the fruits in the sunburn insensitive period(E-L 36)had larger epidermal cells,smoother cuticle,more closely arranged cells,and less starch granules.Compared with the sunburn sensitive phenological period,the total phenol content of the fruits in the sunburn insensitive phenological period decreased significantly by 36.11%,and the contents of K,Ca and Mg of the fruit in the sunburn insensitive phenological period increased significantly by 22.97%,51.58%and 56.22%respectively.Compared with summer fruits,the contents of K and Ca in the winter fruits increased significantly by 23.66%and 31.68%respectively,while the contents of N and P decreased significantly by 364.14%and 24.99%.In addition,the contents of N,P,K,Ca and Mg in severely sunburned fruits were significantly higher than those in the normal fruits during the sunburn process of artificially induced fruits.【Conclusion】Under the two-harvest-a-year cultivation,the sunburn sensitive period of both summer fruit and winter fruit of Jumeigui was E-L 31-32,and the resistance of the winter fruits to sunburn was better than that of the summer fruits to a certain extent.The sensitivity of Jumeigui grape to sunburn at different phenological stages was also different,which was related to the characteristics of wax layer and epidermal cell wall in the fruit anatomical structure and the total phenol content in fruits.At the same time,the sunburn sensitivity was also negatively correlated with K and Ca contents in the fruits,and positively correlated with N and P contents.Therefore,in order to prevent the sunburn of Jumeigui grape in production,application of K and Ca fertilizers before the sunburn sensitive phenological period(E-L 31-32)should be considered.
作者
秦镜植
李群贤
何思婷
梁雲珍
范旭园
黄泳碧
钟挺威
何建军
白扬
朱秀梅
韩佳宇
白先进
王博
QIN Jingzhi;LI Qunxian;HE Siting;LIANG Yunzhen;FAN Xuyan;HUANG Yongbi;ZHONG Tingwei;HE Jianjun;BAI Yang;ZHU Xiumei;HAN Jiayu;BAI Xianjin;WANG Bo(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Special Crop Research Institute,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Zhencheng Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期1135-1149,共15页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-29-22)
广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFBA026047)
大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310593068)。
关键词
巨玫瑰葡萄
两收栽培
日灼进程
日灼敏感性
Jumeigui grape
Double harvest cultivation
Sunburn process
Sunburn sensitivity
作者简介
秦镜植,男,在读本科生,研究方向为果树栽培生理与品质调控。E-mail:qinjingzhi2020@163.com;通信作者:王博,E-mail:wangbo0127@163.com。
