摘要
为了实现农业废弃物资源化有效利用,找出更适合黄瓜育苗的菌渣复配基质配方,以木质菌渣、蛭石、珍珠岩为主要基质原料,进行不同体积复配后,开展黄瓜育苗试验,分析了菌渣、草炭提取液对黄瓜种子萌发的影响,菌渣、草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩不同配比基质的理化性质以及对黄瓜幼苗生长发育的影响,并利用模糊数学隶属函数法对各基质培育出的黄瓜幼苗质量进行综合评价。结果表明:菌渣、草炭对黄瓜种子萌发均无不良影响,发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均与对照无显著差异,可以用作黄瓜育苗基质。菌渣、蛭石、珍珠岩复合基质的理化性质均优于菌渣、珍珠岩复合基质,其所培育的黄瓜幼苗质量也优于菌渣、珍珠岩复合基质所培育的幼苗。菌渣、蛭石、珍珠岩按211体积比配制的复合基质理化性质优于2个对照及其他各复合基质处理,其容重为0.334 g/cm^(3),总孔隙度为70.67%,通气孔隙度为23.74%,持水孔隙度为46.93%,气水比为1∶2.0,EC值为1.709 mS/cm,pH值为7.19,更适合用作育苗基质;其黄瓜幼苗的出苗率较高,为96.7%,与2个对照均无显著性差异;其培育出的黄瓜幼苗茎粗、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量、地下部干质量、叶面积、叶绿素相对含量、壮苗指数均为各处理中最佳,分别为4.07 mm、5.453 g/株、1.251 g/株、0.0465 g/株、9.40 cm^(2)、39.6、0.218,且均显著高于2个对照,而地上部干质量和总根长2个指标较高,分别为0.501 g/株和540.2 mm,与2个对照均无显著性差异;经隶属函数法综合多个指标,其隶属函数总平均值最大,为0.76,说明其所育黄瓜幼苗质量最佳。全菌渣处理不适合单独用作育苗基质,所培育的黄瓜幼苗质量最差。综上,菌渣不适合单独用作育苗基质;菌渣、蛭石、珍珠岩复合基质比菌渣、珍珠岩复合基质更适于黄瓜育苗,菌渣∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶1∶1基质效果最优。
In order to realize the effective utilization of agricultural waste resources and find out the more suitable composite substrate formula for raising cucumber seedlings,woody mushroom residue,vermiculite and perlite were used as the main substrate materials compounded by different volumes,and the raising seedlings experiment of cucumber were carried out.The effects of mushroom residue extraction solution and peat extraction solution on the germination of cucumber seeds,the physicochemical properties of composite substrates with different proportions of mushroom residue,peat,vermiculite and perlite and their effects on the growth and development of cucumber seedlings were analyzed.The quality of cucumber seedlings cultivated with each substrate was comprehensively evaluated by using the method of fuzzy mathematics membership function.The results showed that mushroom residue and peat had no adverse effects on the germination of cucumber,which could be used as substrate for raising cucumber seedlings,whose the germination rate,germination index and vigor index were all not significantly different from the control.The physicochemical properties of the composite substrates of mushroom residue,vermiculite and perlite were better than those of the composite substrates of mushroom residue and perlite,and the quality of the cucumber seedlings cultivated by the composite substrates of mushroom residue,vermiculite and perlite was better than that of the substrates of mushroom residue and perlite.The physicochemical properties of the composite substrate(T6)with volume ratio 2:1:1 of mushroom residue,vermiculite and perlite were better than those of the two controls and other composite substrates,with 0.334 g/cm^(3)of bulk density,70.67%of total porosity,23.74%of aeration porosity,46.93%of water-holding porosity,1:2.0 of gas-water ratio,1.709 mS/cm of EC value,7.19 of pH value,which was more suitable for raising seedlings.The emergence rate of cucumber seedlings treated with T6 was higher with 96.7%,and there were no significant differences with two controls,and the stem diameter,above-ground fresh weight,underground fresh weight,underground dry weight,leaf area,relative chlorophyll content and strong seedling index of cucumber seedlings were the best among the treatments of composite substrate,which were 4.07 mm,5.453 g per plant,1.251 g per plant,0.0465 g per plant,9.40 cm^(2),39.6 and 0.218,respectively,and were all significantly higher than those of the two controls,while the above-ground dry weight and total root length were higher,which were 0.501 g per plant and 540.2 mm,respectively,and had no significant differences with the two controls.Through the comprehensive analysis of multiple indicators by the method of membership function,the total average value of membership function of T6 was 0.76,which indicated that the quality of cucumber seedlings was the best.Mushroom residue was not suitable for seedling substrate alone,and the quality of cucumber seedlings cultivated by whole mushroom residue treatment was the worst.In summary,the mushroom residue was not suitable for seedling substrate alone.Composite substrates of mushroom residue,vermiculite and perlite were more suitable for raising cucumber seedlings than those of mushroom residue and perlite,and substrates with volume ratio 2:1:1 of mushroom residue,vermiculite and perlite had the best effect.
作者
孙艳洳
李迎贺
阿依夏·恩特马克
许红军
SUN Yanru;LI Yinghe;AYIXIA Entemark;XU Hongjun(Xinjiang Donglushuikong Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd.,Kashi 844200,China;Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)
出处
《蔬菜》
2024年第6期34-44,共11页
Vegetables
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发资助项目(2022B02023-2)
新疆蔬菜产业技术体系(XJARS-07)。
关键词
黄瓜
菌渣
理化性质
复配基质
幼苗质量
cucumber
mushroom residue
physicochemical property
composite substrate
seedling quality
作者简介
通信作者:许红军。
