摘要
为研究不同磷酸二铵对冬小麦产量、经济效益及土壤特性的影响,以“济麦22”为供试小麦品种,选用5种不同种类的磷酸二铵进行施肥处理试验,试验周期为2年,磷酸二铵含P 2O 5占比为39%(T_(1)、T_(2)),46%(T_(3)、T_(4)),40%(T_(5)),空白对照不施肥(T_(0)),所有处理尿素(含N 45%)、硫酸钾(含K 2O 50%)分别等量施用。结果表明,小麦分蘖期分别为T_(2)、T_(1)地上干重最大;返青拔节期地上干重、分蘖数分别为T_(2)、T_(1)最大,全氮、全磷、全钾除T_(0)外,各处理间差异不显著;挑旗期地上干重均为T_(2)最大,全氮、全磷、全钾除T_(0)外,各处理间差异不显著;灌浆期地上干重分别为T_(2)、T_(3)最大,全氮、全磷、全钾除T_(0)外,各处理间差异不显著;收获期株高,秸秆和籽粒的全氮、全磷、全钾除T_(0)外,各处理间差异不显著;籽粒产量、经济系数、相对净收入、产投比T_(1)、T_(2)最大;籽粒吸磷量、秸秆吸磷量、地上部吸磷量、磷肥效、磷肥农学利用率为T_(1)、T_(2)最高;随着施磷时间增加,土壤中全氮含量不受影响,有效磷含量降低,速效钾含量不受影响,pH降低,表明磷肥会降低土壤pH。综上所述,P 2O 5占比为39%的磷酸二铵在德州地区冬小麦种植中表现较好。
To study the effects of different diammonium phosphate on winter wheat yield,economic benefits and soil characteristics,this experiment was conducted using‘Jimai 22’as the test wheat variety.In this experiment,five different kinds of diammonium phosphate were selected for fertilization treatment.The test period was two years.The proportion of P 2O 5 in diammonium phosphate was 39%(T_(1),T_(2)),46%(T_(3),T_(4)),40%(T_(5)).The blank control did not apply fertilizer(T_(0)).Urea(containing 45%N)and potassium sulfate(containing 50%K 2O)were applied equally in all treatments.The results showed that the aboveground dry weight of wheat was the highest at T_(2)and T_(1)tillering stages,respectively;the aboveground dry weight and tillering number during the turning green and jointing stage were the highest at T_(2)and T_(1),respectively.Except for T_(0),there was no significant difference in total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium among all treatments;during the flag raising period,the aboveground dry weight was T_(2),with no significant difference among all treatments except T_(0)for total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium;during the grouting period,the aboveground dry weight was the highest for T_(2)and T_(3),respectively.Except for T_(0),there was no significant difference in total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium among the treatments;during the harvest period,there was no significant difference in plant height,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium among all treatments except T_(0);the grain yield,economic coefficient,relative net income,and input-output ratio of T_(1)and T_(2)were the highest;T_(1)and T_(2)had the highest phosphorus uptake by grains,straw,aboveground parts,phosphorus fertilizer efficiency,and agronomic utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer;as the phosphorus application time increases,the total nitrogen content in the soil was not affected,the available phosphorus content decreased,and the available potassium content was not affected.The pH showed a decreasing trend,indicating that phosphorus fertilizer will lower the soil pH.A ratio of 39%containing P 2O 5 is a more suitable ammonium phosphate.
作者
王玉霞
杜梦扬
李洪杰
周晓琳
王富建
王薇
赵同凯
李子双
WANG Yu-xia;DU Meng-yang;LI Hong-jie(Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dezhou,Shandong 253015)
出处
《安徽农业科学》
CAS
2024年第11期133-138,共6页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
基金
山东省重大科技创新工程项目“小麦-玉米周年水肥精准调控关键技术研发与集成示范”(2019JZZY010716)
院内青年基金项目“不同绿肥对土壤改良效应的研究与应用”
2023农业重大技术协同推广计划“德州市‘吨半粮’小麦机艺融合绿色高产高效技术集成与协同推广”
山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程“小麦玉米周年吨半粮关键技术研究”(CXGC2023A17)。
关键词
磷酸二铵
生育期动态
产量
经济效益
肥效
Diammonium phosphate
Dynamics of reproductive period
Yield
Economic benefits
Fertilizer efficiency
作者简介
王玉霞(1990—),女,山东平邑人,农艺师,硕士,从事农业资源与环境和草业研究;通信作者:李子双,正高级农艺师,硕士,从事土壤与植物营养研究。
