摘要
为了确定黄连木(Pistacia chinensis Bunge)雄花序食用的最佳采收期,以提供最佳营养品质的雄花序,提高黄连木的综合利用率。测定雄花序7个不同生长时期的17个营养指标,探究雄花序生长过程中营养品质变化并进行主成分综合评价。结果表明:随着黄连木雄花序生长时期推移,雄花序外观整体大小呈先增大后平缓增大的趋势,含水率随雄花序的生长呈先升高后降低的趋势,在盛花前期达到最高,为70%左右。黄连木雄花序的可溶性糖质量分数随生长周期的增加呈先上升后降低的趋势,总体质量分数为64.44~111.14 mg·g^(-1),最大值出现在盛花期。蛋白质质量浓度在盛花期前较为稳定,在盛花期后呈下降趋势,总体质量浓度为151.25~265.625 g·L^(-1)。总氨基酸质量摩尔浓度表现出波动上升的趋势,总体质量摩尔浓度为7.41~18.31μmol·mg^(-1)。雄花序内的9种矿质元素质量分数变化不一。N元素呈波动下降的趋势,总体质量分数为24.20~42.50 g·kg^(-1);P元素总体变化较为稳定,在盛花期后出现下降,总体质量分数为2724.00~6468.00 mg·kg^(-1);K元素表现为波动变化且稍有上升的趋势,总体质量分数为22526.67~37811.33 mg·kg^(-1);Ca元素表现为先下降后上升,总体质量分数为1480.00~4401.33 mg·kg^(-1);Mg元素质量分数总体较稳定,为1359.33~1527.67 mg·kg^(-1),在盛花期前后达到最高;Fe元素质量分数在盛花前期之前较为稳定,在盛花前期之后急速上升,至末花期达到最大值,总体质量分数为132.67~391.33 mg·kg^(-1);Mn元素呈先上升后下降的趋势,在盛花期前后达到最高,总体质量分数为13.97~20.37 mg·kg^(-1);Cu元素呈波动下降的趋势,总体质量分数为9.25~17.08 mg·kg^(-1);Zn元素整体表现为下降趋势,总体质量分数为21.88~49.07 mg·kg^(-1)。总多酚质量分数呈先下降后上升的趋势,总黄酮、槲皮素、山奈酚质量分数总体呈先上升后下降的趋势,且三者均在盛花期前后达到最高。对黄连木雄花序主要营养指标进行主成分分析并对其综合品质进行排序可以看出,黄连木雄花序最佳采收期为在4月11日—4月13日(盛花前期-盛花期),此时雄花序综合营养品质较佳。
In order to determine the optimal harvesting period for the male inflorescence of Pistacia chinensis for consumption,provide the best nutritional quality male inflorescence for the people,improve the comprehensive utilization rate of P.chinensis,and determine 17 nutritional indicators of the male inflorescence at 7 different growth stages,explore the changes in nutritional quality during the growth process of the male inflorescence and conduct principal component comprehensive evaluation.The results showed that with the progression of the growth stages of the male inflorescence of P.chinensis,the overall size of the male inflorescence increased first and then increased slowly,the moisture content increased first and then decreased with the growth of the male inflorescences,reaching a peak of around 70%before full bloom.The soluble sugar content of the male inflorescence of P.chinensis increased first and then decreased with the growth cycle,with an overall content of 64.44~111.14 mg·g^(-1),reaching the highest value during full bloom.The protein concentration was relatively stable before full bloom and decreased after full bloom,with an overall concentration of 151.25~265.625 g·L^(-1).The total amino acid molality showed a fluctuating upward trend,with an overall molality of 7.41~18.31μmol·mg^(-1).The mass fractions of 9 mineral elements in the male inflorescence varied.The nitrogen element showed a fluctuating downward trend,with an overall mass fraction of 24.20~42.50 g·kg^(-1).The phosphorus element showed relatively stable overall changes,with a decrease after full bloom,with an overall mass fraction of 2724.00~6468.00 mg·kg^(-1).The potassium element showed fluctuating changes with a slight upward trend,with an overall mass fraction of 22526.67~37811.33 mg·kg^(-1).The calcium element showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,with an overall mass fraction of 1480.00~4401.33 mg·kg^(-1).The magnesium element had a relatively stable mass fraction,ranging from 1359.33~1527.67 mg·kg^(-1),reaching the highest before and after full bloom.The iron element had a relatively stable mass fraction before full bloom,rapidly increasing after full bloom,reaching the maximum value at the end of the flowering period,with an overall mass fraction of 132.67~391.33 mg·kg^(-1).The manganese element showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,reaching the highest before and after full bloom,with an overall mass fraction of 13.97~20.37 mg·kg^(-1).The copper element showed a fluctuating downward trend,with an overall mass fraction of 9.25~17.08 mg·kg^(-1).The zinc element showed an overall downward trend,with an overall mass fraction of 21.88~49.07 mg·kg^(-1).The total polyphenol content showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,while the total flavonoid,quercetin,and kaempferol content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,all reaching the highest before and after full bloom.Principal component analysis of the main nutritional indicators of the male inflorescence of P.chinensis and ranking of its comprehensive quality show that the optimal harvesting period for the male inflorescence of P.chinensis is from April 11th to April 13th(pre-full bloom period to full bloom period),during which the male inflorescence has better overall nutritional quality.
作者
龙雪蓉
白倩
苏淑钗
Long Xuerong;Bai Qian;Su Shuchai(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources(Beijing Forestry University),Beijing 100083,P.R.China)
出处
《东北林业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期27-32,50,共7页
Journal of Northeast Forestry University
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32301629)。
关键词
中国黄连木
雄花序
营养成分
采收期
Pistacia chinensis Bunge
Male inflorescence
Nutrition
Harvest period
作者简介
第一作者:龙雪蓉,女,1998年11月生,林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室(北京林业大学),硕士研究生。E-mail:longxr1128@163.com;通信作者:白倩,林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室(北京林业大学),讲师。E-mail:baiqian0219@bjfu.edu.cn;通信作者:苏淑钗,林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室(北京林业大学),教授,E-mail:sushuchai@sohu.com。
